chore(release): prepare irtt-rs 0.10.1

Decouple statistics collection into a dedicated feature to enable lighter client-only builds.

.gitea/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+
+name: Build binaries
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+  # Measure before stripping; package stripped copies separately.
+  CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_STRIP: none
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build (${{ matrix.target }})
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    env:
+      TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 2
+      matrix:
+        target:
+          - x86_64-musl
+          - i686-musl
+          - arm-musleabi
+          - arm-musleabihf
+          - armv7-musleabi
+          - armv7-musleabihf
+          - aarch64-musl
+          - mips-musl
+          - mipsel-musl
+          - mips64-muslabi64
+          - mips64el-muslabi64
+          - riscv64gc-musl
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: builtin:checkout
+
+      - name: Configure Rust directories
+        # Cross remote does not traverse hidden directories under /root.
+        run: |
+          echo "CARGO_HOME=$RUNNER_TEMP/cargo" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "RUSTUP_HOME=$RUNNER_TEMP/rustup" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "$RUNNER_TEMP/cargo/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Install standard Rust toolchain
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@ecabd13d1c56bd1345c230e542e9144811ad706f # v2
+        with:
+          toolchain: ${{ startsWith(matrix.target, 'mips') && 'nightly' || 'stable' }}
+          cache: false
+          build-warnings: warn
+
+      - name: Install nightly toolchain and standard library sources
+        run: |
+          rustup toolchain install nightly \
+            --profile minimal \
+            --component rust-src
+
+      - name: Install cross and binary tools
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends binutils llvm
+          cargo install --git https://github.com/cross-rs/cross --locked cross
+          echo "RUST_TARGET=${TARGET%-*}-unknown-linux-${TARGET#*-}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: Detect statistics feature
+        run: |
+          if grep -Eq '^[[:space:]]*stats[[:space:]]*=' crates/irtt-app/Cargo.toml; then
+            echo "HAS_STATS_FEATURE=true" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          else
+            echo "HAS_STATS_FEATURE=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Build, verify, package, and compare
+        env:
+          # MIPS build-std needs cross GCC's CRT objects.
+          RUSTFLAGS: ${{ startsWith(matrix.target, 'mips') && '-C target-feature=+crt-static -C link-self-contained=no' || '-C target-feature=+crt-static' }}
+          CROSS_REMOTE: "true"
+          CROSS_REMOTE_COPY_FULL_TARGET_DIR: ${{ startsWith(matrix.target, 'mips') && 'true' || 'false' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          declare -A raw_size
+          declare -A stripped_size
+          declare -A compressed_size
+
+          mkdir -p dist
+
+          # MIPS requires nightly build-std via Cross.toml.
+          # Every other standard build uses stable.
+          standard_toolchain=stable
+          if [[ "$TARGET" == mips* ]]; then
+            standard_toolchain=nightly
+          fi
+
+          build_variant() {
+            local variant="$1"
+            local toolchain="$2"
+            local features="$3"
+            shift 3
+
+            local binary="target/${RUST_TARGET}/release/irtt-client"
+            local directory="dist/${variant}"
+            local artifact="dist/irtt-client-${TARGET}-${variant}.tar.gz"
+
+            echo "::group::Build ${variant} (${toolchain}, ${features})"
+
+            cross "+${toolchain}" build \
+              --release \
+              --locked \
+              --target "$RUST_TARGET" \
+              -p irtt-rs \
+              --bin irtt-client \
+              --no-default-features \
+              --features "$features" \
+              "$@"
+
+            # Reject dynamically linked executables.
+            readelf --program-headers "$binary" > /tmp/program-headers.txt
+            readelf --dynamic "$binary" > /tmp/dynamic-section.txt
+
+            if grep -q INTERP /tmp/program-headers.txt ||
+               grep -q NEEDED /tmp/dynamic-section.txt; then
+              echo "Binary is not statically linked: ${variant}" >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+
+            mkdir -p "$directory"
+            cp "$binary" "$directory/irtt-client"
+
+            raw_size[$variant]=$(stat -c %s "$binary")
+
+            llvm-strip --strip-all "$directory/irtt-client"
+            stripped_size[$variant]=$(
+              stat -c %s "$directory/irtt-client"
+            )
+
+            # Each archive contains an executable named irtt-client.
+            tar -czf "$artifact" -C "$directory" irtt-client
+            compressed_size[$variant]=$(stat -c %s "$artifact")
+
+            echo "::endgroup::"
+          }
+
+          human() {
+            numfmt --to=iec-i --suffix=B --format='%.1f' "$1"
+          }
+
+          # Negative means smaller than the reference binary.
+          delta() {
+            awk -v base="$1" -v current="$2" 'BEGIN {
+              if (base == 0) {
+                printf "N/A"
+              } else {
+                printf "%+.1f%%", 100 * (current - base) / base
+              }
+            }'
+          }
+
+          print_row() {
+            local variant="$1"
+            local label="$2"
+            local baseline="$3"
+            local comparison
+
+            if [[ "$variant" == "$baseline" ]]; then
+              comparison="Baseline"
+            else
+              comparison=$(delta \
+                "${compressed_size[$baseline]}" \
+                "${compressed_size[$variant]}")
+            fi
+
+            printf '| %s | %s | %s | %s | %s |\n' \
+              "$label" \
+              "$(human "${raw_size[$variant]}")" \
+              "$(human "${stripped_size[$variant]}")" \
+              "$(human "${compressed_size[$variant]}")" \
+              "$comparison"
+          }
+
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+          # Standard builds: stable except MIPS.
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+          full_features=client
+          if [[ "$HAS_STATS_FEATURE" == "true" ]]; then
+            full_features="client,stats"
+          fi
+
+          build_variant full "$standard_toolchain" "$full_features"
+
+          standard_baseline=full
+          if [[ "$HAS_STATS_FEATURE" == "true" ]]; then
+            build_variant minimal "$standard_toolchain" client
+            standard_baseline=minimal
+          fi
+
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+          # Nightly baseline: identical compiler for all experiments.
+          #
+          # MIPS already uses nightly for standard builds, so reuse
+          # those binaries rather than compiling them twice.
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+          if [[ "$standard_toolchain" == "nightly" ]]; then
+            nightly_full=full
+            nightly_baseline="$standard_baseline"
+          else
+            nightly_full=nightly-full
+            build_variant nightly-full nightly "$full_features"
+
+            nightly_baseline=nightly-full
+            if [[ "$HAS_STATS_FEATURE" == "true" ]]; then
+              build_variant nightly-minimal nightly client
+              nightly_baseline=nightly-minimal
+            fi
+          fi
+
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+          # Nightly size experiments, always enabled.
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+          # Rebuild std with the ordinary std feature set.
+          build_variant rebuilt-std nightly client \
+            -Z build-std
+
+          # Rebuild std without backtrace support.
+          # Retain normal panic unwinding.
+          build_variant no-backtrace nightly client \
+            -Z build-std \
+            -Z build-std-features=panic-unwind
+
+          # Aggressive option: terminate immediately on panic.
+          build_variant immediate-abort nightly client \
+            -Z panic-immediate-abort \
+            -Z build-std \
+            -Z build-std-features= \
+            --config 'profile.release.panic="immediate-abort"'
+
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+          # Job summary.
+          # ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+          {
+            echo "### irtt-client: ${TARGET}"
+            echo
+
+            echo "#### Standard builds"
+            echo
+            echo "Toolchain: \`${standard_toolchain}\`"
+            echo
+            echo '| Variant | Unstripped | Stripped | Compressed | Compressed vs baseline |'
+            echo '|:--|--:|--:|--:|--:|'
+
+            print_row full "Full" "$standard_baseline"
+
+            if [[ "$HAS_STATS_FEATURE" == "true" ]]; then
+              print_row minimal "Minimal" "$standard_baseline"
+            fi
+
+            echo
+            echo "#### Nightly experiments"
+            echo
+            echo '| Variant | Unstripped | Stripped | Compressed | Compressed vs baseline |'
+            echo '|:--|--:|--:|--:|--:|'
+
+            print_row "$nightly_full" "Nightly full" "$nightly_baseline"
+
+            if [[ "$HAS_STATS_FEATURE" == "true" ]]; then
+              print_row "$nightly_baseline" "Nightly minimal" "$nightly_baseline"
+            fi
+
+            print_row rebuilt-std "Rebuilt std" "$nightly_baseline"
+            print_row no-backtrace "No backtrace" "$nightly_baseline"
+            print_row immediate-abort "Immediate abort" "$nightly_baseline"
+
+            if [[ "$standard_toolchain" == "stable" ]]; then
+              echo
+              echo "Nightly vs stable baseline (compressed): $(delta \
+                "${compressed_size[$standard_baseline]}" \
+                "${compressed_size[$nightly_baseline]}")"
+            else
+              echo
+              echo "MIPS: standard and nightly baselines are identical."
+              echo "Cross.toml already enables build-std for these targets."
+            fi
+
+            if [[ "$HAS_STATS_FEATURE" != "true" ]]; then
+              echo
+              echo "Statistics feature not detected; client includes statistics."
+            fi
+          } >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+
+      - name: Upload binaries
+        # Gitea's v3 artifact protocol.
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
+        with:
+          name: irtt-client-${{ matrix.target }}
+          path: dist/irtt-client-${{ matrix.target }}-*.tar.gz
+          if-no-files-found: error

.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.musl
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends musl-tools
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends musl-tools
 
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
         uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@ecabd13d1c56bd1345c230e542e9144811ad706f # v2

.gitea/workflows/docker-publish.yml

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f87e5991a6d7451dcb8d9637bfbc97413f497069 # v4
 
       - name: Log in to Gitea Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.GITEA_REGISTRY }}
           # The automatic per-job token comes back unauthorized for package
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Log in to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ secrets.GHCR_USERNAME }}

.gitea/workflows/interop-netem.yml

@@ -34,12 +34,35 @@ jobs:
         with:
           cache: false
 
+      - name: Install Go toolchain
+        uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.27.3'
+          cache: false
+
+      - name: Install netem dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends iproute2 python3 util-linux
+
       - name: Check host tools and network administration access
         run: |
           ip -V
           tc -V
+          nsenter --version
           go version
-          sudo -n true
+          # Exercise the namespace, veth, and qdisc operations the harness needs.
+          # sudo/NET_ADMIN alone do not establish mount/namespace permissions.
+          sudo -n bash -euo pipefail <<'SH'
+          probe_ns="irtt-preflight-$$"
+          ip netns add "$probe_ns"
+          trap 'ip netns delete "$probe_ns"' EXIT
+          nsenter --net="/run/netns/$probe_ns" -- sh -ec '
+            ip link add probe0 type veth peer name probe1
+            tc qdisc add dev probe0 root netem delay 1ms
+            tc qdisc show dev probe0
+          '
+          SH
 
       - name: Install upstream irtt
         run: |

.gitea/workflows/supply-chain.yml

@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
+      - name: Install Rust toolchain
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@ecabd13d1c56bd1345c230e542e9144811ad706f # v2
+        with:
+          cache: false
+
       - name: Install cargo-deny
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail

.github/workflows/actions-security.yml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       # It remains here while portable actionlint runs with Gitea CI, but scans
       # both workflow directories through its GitHub Actions rule set.
       - name: Run zizmor
-        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@cc914d7f3750a2d13d75c7f184a1060aa0e9d482 # v0.6.4
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@53290badfa369cb0bf7ad16342cb62c2fa47ac7b # v0.8.0
         with:
           persona: regular
           inputs: |

.github/workflows/ci-arm.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
             musl: true
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04-arm
     timeout-minutes: 25
 
     steps:
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.musl
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends musl-tools
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends musl-tools
 
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
         uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@ecabd13d1c56bd1345c230e542e9144811ad706f # v2

.github/workflows/osv-scanner.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
   # the old --skip-git flag is no longer supported.
   scan-scheduled:
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
-    uses: "google/osv-scanner-action/.github/workflows/osv-scanner-reusable.yml@a345acffa64b0eaede81a3d9aae6141214d9c8fc" # v2.6.0
+    uses: "google/osv-scanner-action/.github/workflows/osv-scanner-reusable.yml@b1d267aea5211fa648d9d442fa64b90dbdcbdd36" # v2.7.0
   scan-pr:
     if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.event_name == 'merge_group' }}
-    uses: "google/osv-scanner-action/.github/workflows/osv-scanner-reusable-pr.yml@a345acffa64b0eaede81a3d9aae6141214d9c8fc" # v2.6.0
+    uses: "google/osv-scanner-action/.github/workflows/osv-scanner-reusable-pr.yml@b1d267aea5211fa648d9d442fa64b90dbdcbdd36" # v2.7.0

.github/workflows/rust-clippy.yml

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
           exit 0
 
       - name: Upload Clippy SARIF
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@2892aa5e19bbd11bc0cff5427e3b750a04d9e3c2 # v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4
         if: always()
         with:
           sarif_file: rust-clippy-results.sarif

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ release. The format is loosely based on
 
 ## irtt-proto
 
+### 0.5.2
+
+#### Added
+
+- Exported `VERSION`, the compiled crate's Cargo package version, for applications reporting their component versions. Wire behavior is unchanged.
+
 ### 0.5.1
 
 #### Added
@@ -34,6 +40,56 @@ release. The format is loosely based on
 
 ## irtt-client
 
+### 0.7.0
+
+#### Added
+
+- Opt-in automatic session reconnection in the Tokio managed driver and `BlockingManagedClient`. Continuous measurement runs can retry initial connection failures, failed or peer-closed sessions, and server-limited session completion. Silence detection reconnects a session that stops replying while probes are being sent.
+- Each desired target retries independently, leaving healthy targets running. Exponential backoff doubles from `reconnect_initial_delay` (default 250 ms) to `reconnect_max_delay` (default 10 s); a valid reply restores the initial delay. Reopening resolves the original endpoint again. Target removal and explicit shutdown cancel recovery.
+- Exported `VERSION` for compiled component-version reporting.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Stopping or replacing a target during session opening cancels the pending open immediately, instead of waiting for its retry schedule to finish.
+
+#### Compatibility
+
+- `ManagedClientConfig` gains `reconnect_timeout`, `reconnect_initial_delay`, and `reconnect_max_delay`; update complete struct literals or use `..Default::default()`. Reconnection is disabled by default (`reconnect_timeout: None`) and is valid only for continuous normal measurement mode, with a positive schedulable silence timeout. Retry delays must be positive and schedulable, and the maximum must be at least twice the initial delay.
+- `ManagedConfigError` gains `InvalidReconnectPolicy` and `InvalidReconnectDelays`; downstream exhaustive matches must handle them. Delay validation applies even when recovery is disabled.
+- A reconnecting target returns to pending/opening status rather than producing a terminal outcome for each retry. Consumers must handle repeated session-start events for the same target instance and reset session-bound statistics and sequence tracking on each new session.
+- Use `irtt-stats` 0.6 with this client version when exchanging `ClientEvent` values. Tokio remains optional; the default low-level client remains runtime-free. No wire-protocol migration is required.
+
+### 0.6.0
+
+#### Added
+
+- Added `ManagedClientHandle::subscribe_status()` and `ManagedStatusSubscription` for observing durable lifecycle and completion state independently of the lossy event stream. The current snapshot is immediately readable, change notifications track subsequent updates, and terminal target status includes its completed outcome.
+- Managed targets can override the shared address-family policy while retaining the original hostname for resolution on each new generation.
+
+#### Changed
+
+- `ClientConfig` is now reusable across endpoints: `Client::connect` and `AsyncClient::connect` take the endpoint separately, with configuration grouped into `socket`, `request` (`SessionRequest`), and `open` (`OpenPolicy`). `AddressFamily` replaces the separate socket family flags, and blocking receive timeouts are configured through `Client::set_recv_timeout`.
+- Explicit `Authentication`, `HmacKey`, and managed `TargetAuth` replace `ClientConfig.hmac_key` and `ClientAuthConfig`. Key bytes are shared across clones and redacted from debug output. Switching between inherited and explicit authentication or address-family settings starts a new target generation, even when the effective settings are equal.
+- `NegotiationResult` replaces `NegotiatedParams`, separating typed `AcceptedSessionParameters` from exact peer-returned wire parameters and accepted `NegotiationChange` records (formerly `NegotiationRestriction`). Open outcomes and lifecycle events now use tuple variants carrying `SessionStarted` or `NoTestCompleted` payloads.
+- Low-level clients now leave probe cadence and run duration entirely to the caller. `next_send_deadline` and `is_run_complete` were removed; managed clients continue to provide scheduling and finite-run completion. Low-level callers can inspect `negotiation()`, `has_pending_probes()`, and `next_probe_timeout_deadline()` to drive their own event loop.
+- Probe sends now return `Result<SendReceipt, SendProbeError>`, distinguishing failures before socket acceptance from failures after a probe was committed. Receipts convert to `ClientEvent::EchoSent`; its `scheduled_at` and `timer_error` fields are now optional and absent for low-level sends.
+- Stop receipts resolve when the stop request is durably observed or the task becomes terminal; callers must still await task completion to observe finished cleanup.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Finite managed runs now reach their negotiated end under socket backpressure, even when no pending probe timeout remains to wake the driver. Staggered pacing no longer repeatedly wakes idle or draining targets that have no send deadline.
+- Blocking receive operations now return lifecycle errors immediately when no session is open, instead of blocking for a datagram or returning empty success after a timeout.
+
+#### Performance
+
+- Managed drain-deadline lookup no longer scans retained timed-out probes, keeping lookup work bounded as retained probe state grows.
+
+#### Compatibility
+
+- The configuration, authentication, negotiation, lifecycle-event, and send APIs above are breaking changes without compatibility aliases. Low-level callers must enforce their own cadence and duration or use a managed client.
+- `AcceptedSessionParameters::dscp` is a six-bit codepoint; `NegotiationResult::peer_params.dscp` remains the raw traffic-class byte. Accepted durations and intervals use Rust duration types rather than wire nanosecond integers.
+- Tokio remains optional, and the default client build remains runtime-free. These API changes do not introduce a wire-protocol migration.
+
 ### 0.5.3
 
 #### Added
@@ -74,6 +130,12 @@ release. The format is loosely based on
 
 ## irtt-server
 
+### 0.5.4
+
+#### Added
+
+- Exported `VERSION`, the compiled crate's Cargo package version, for applications reporting their component versions. Server policy and wire behavior are unchanged.
+
 ### 0.5.3
 
 #### Added
@@ -119,6 +181,46 @@ release. The format is loosely based on
 
 ## irtt-stats
 
+### 0.6.0
+
+#### Changed
+
+- Updated the public `irtt-client` dependency to 0.7. Applications passing `ClientEvent` values into this crate must upgrade both dependencies together; client 0.6 and 0.7 event types come from different crate versions and cannot be mixed.
+- Added signed nanosecond changes to `IpdvPairUpdate`: `rtt_ipdv_ns`, `send_ipdv_ns`, and `receive_ipdv_ns`. Existing `Duration` fields and aggregate IPDV statistics remain absolute magnitudes. Update complete struct literals to include the new fields.
+- Exported `VERSION` for compiled component-version reporting.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Directional IPDV is available with midpoint timestamps, using the midpoint for both server endpoints.
+- Per-packet IPDV preserves the sign of the delay change instead of reporting only its magnitude.
+
+#### Compatibility
+
+- Collectors remain scoped to one target session. Reset or replace a collector when the managed client reconnects; this release does not aggregate across session sequence resets.
+
+### 0.5.2
+
+#### Changed
+
+- `TimeStats` is now re-exported from `measurement-stats`, retaining the existing `irtt_stats::TimeStats` import path, fields, and methods.
+- Timer-error statistics now omit sends without scheduling metadata instead of recording an artificial measurement.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Time-based rolling windows now expire backdated events correctly, including expired events inside retained arrival history. Older timestamps cannot move the expiry anchor backwards or restore expired history.
+- Rolling upstream and downstream loss now use the server receive-count increase over the retained packet-event interval instead of comparing window counts against a cumulative server count.
+- Rolling directional-loss estimates are unavailable when counter observations are missing, stale, discontinuous, or separated by an interior gap in the time window, rather than reporting misleading values.
+
+#### Performance
+
+- Indexed rolling-window expiry avoids full-window scans on insertion and reclaims expired entries without accumulating tombstones.
+
+#### Compatibility
+
+- This release consumes `irtt-client` 0.6 events; applications using both crates must upgrade them together.
+- Unavailable rolling directional-loss packet estimates are `None`; their percentage fields remain `0.0`. Valid signed estimates remain possible, and raw server receive counts retain their cumulative meaning.
+- Time-based rolling windows expire when new events arrive, retain events exactly at the cutoff, and have no event-count cap. Use `rolling_count` when event storage needs a fixed bound.
+
 ### 0.5.1
 
 #### Added
@@ -138,6 +240,93 @@ release. The format is loosely based on
 
 ## irtt-rs
 
+### 0.10.1
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- The client now responds to SIGINT and SIGTERM while stdout is blocked, so a stalled output reader no longer prevents shutdown.
+- Interrupted measurements preserve partial statistics summaries when output can be written. A shared 250 ms grace period bounds output flushing during shutdown.
+
+### 0.10.0
+
+#### Added
+
+- Continuous CLI recovery with `--continuous --reconnect` (or `--duration 0 --reconnect`). Failed initial opens, failed or closed sessions, server-limited completion, and reply silence trigger independent per-target retries. Healthy targets keep running, including in multi-target and `--targets-stdin` runs; removing a desired target cancels its retries.
+- `--reconnect-timeout` configures reply-silence detection while sending (default 10 s). `--reconnect-initial-delay` and `--reconnect-max-delay` configure per-target exponential backoff (defaults 250 ms and 10 s); the maximum must be at least twice the initial delay. Valid replies reset the backoff. Explicit stops do not retry.
+- `--no-stats` disables client statistics collection, retention warnings, and final summaries while retaining measurement events and structured output columns. Statistics-dependent fields have absent values.
+- Optional `stats` Cargo feature, enabled by default and required by `tui`. Build a lightweight client without statistics using `cargo build --release -p irtt-rs --bin irtt-client --no-default-features --features client`; use `--features client,stats` for a client-only build with statistics.
+- `--continuous` as an explicit alias for zero duration, `-d` for duration, `-i` for interval, `-l` for packet length, client `-f` for output format, and `-v` for verbose output. Client/TUI durations accept fractional and composite values such as `2.5s` and `1m30s`.
+- Client/TUI `--timeouts` configures the session-opening attempt schedule independently of session reconnection.
+- Client `-n` / `--no-test` negotiates parameters and exits without measurement probes, using the selected output format.
+- `--version` on the dispatcher and applets; applets also report their compiled library versions and whether client statistics are disabled.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Signed per-packet IPDV is preserved in output; directional IPDV is available with midpoint timestamps.
+
+#### Compatibility
+
+- Reconnection is opt-in for the CLI and requires continuous measurement mode; it cannot be combined with `--no-test`. Statistics reset on every reopened session, so summaries describe only the latest session per target, not the whole continuous run. A warning explains this when recovery and statistics are both enabled. Continuous TUI recovery remains enabled as before.
+- Statistics are no longer implied by the `client` feature. Existing custom builds using `--no-default-features --features client` must add `stats` to retain collection and summaries. `--no-stats` is accepted in builds without statistics; output schemas are preserved, with absent IPDV values.
+- Nonzero duration values require units; zero (including `0s`) still selects continuous mode. `--continuous` and an explicit `--duration` are mutually exclusive.
+- Application-library users must account for the added client argument/configuration fields and optional statistics feature. Dependencies are now client 0.7 and stats 0.6, with proto >=0.5.2 and server >=0.5.4 for component-version reporting. MSRV remains Rust 1.88.
+
+### 0.9.0
+
+#### Added
+
+- Client and TUI `--bind-addr IP[:PORT]` selects a local source address and optional UDP port. Omitted ports and port `0` use an ephemeral port; IPv6 addresses with an explicit port use `[ADDR]:PORT`. The bind address must match the target's address family, and fixed ports can conflict across multiple target sockets.
+- Client and TUI `--bind-device DEVICE` binds sockets to a network interface on Linux, Android, and Fuchsia.
+- Client and TUI `--mark MARK` sets a socket firewall mark for policy routing or firewall rules on Linux, Android, and Fuchsia. It accepts decimal and `0x`-prefixed hexadecimal unsigned 32-bit values.
+- Client and TUI `--fib FIB` selects a routing table on FreeBSD, accepting a decimal unsigned 32-bit value.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Restored CLI compatibility with upstream IRTT for hexadecimal HMAC keys: client, TUI, and server `--hmac`, server `IRTT_SERVER_HMAC`, and client/TUI per-target `@hmac=KEY` accept a lowercase `0x` prefix followed by hexadecimal bytes, with either case allowed for digits. Literal UTF-8 keys remain supported; the HMAC-MD5 algorithm is unchanged.
+- Server argument debug output now redacts HMAC keys, matching the client and TUI. Server help hides the `IRTT_SERVER_HMAC` value, and invalid global HMAC keys are rejected during configuration preparation without echoing key material.
+
+#### Compatibility
+
+- Keys beginning with literal `0x` are now interpreted as hexadecimal. Empty keys, empty hexadecimal keys, odd-length hexadecimal strings, and invalid hexadecimal digits are rejected. Per-target `@hmac=` continues to disable authentication explicitly.
+
+### 0.8.0
+
+#### Added
+
+- Added mutually exclusive `-4` / `--ipv4`, `-6` / `--ipv6`, and `--dual-stack` options to the client and TUI. Dual-stack hostnames expand into independent `/v4` and `/v6` targets with separate sessions, statistics, and failures; explicit IP literals remain single targets.
+- Continuous TUI runs now reconnect independently after target failures, peer closure, or server-limited session completion while healthy targets continue uninterrupted. The TUI remains running even when every target fails.
+- Added target selection and a scrollable details sheet showing negotiation, counters, timing statistics, warnings, and recent events.
+- Graph axes now display local wall-clock timestamps, including fractional seconds or dates where appropriate.
+
+#### Changed
+
+- Replaced separate Graph and Dashboard views with one dashboard comparing all targets. Target rows show effective RTT, cumulative loss, jitter, and the age of the last primary reply. `Tab` / `Shift-Tab` selects a target; `d` opens details, with `g` retained as an alias.
+- Reconnecting targets retain their logical row and graph history, reset session statistics for each new generation, and leave gaps between generations.
+- Increased graph retention from 100,000 to 500,000 samples per target and extended the maximum graph window from one hour to 24 hours.
+- Clearing graph history now clears all targets and returns to live view while preserving latest samples and statistics.
+- Client and TUI frontends now react asynchronously to measurements, status changes, input, and shutdown, removing periodic polling delays.
+- The application library's `run_stream`, `run_tui`, and `prepare_managed_run` entry points are now asynchronous.
+
+#### Performance
+
+- Graph rendering selects samples within the visible viewport instead of scanning the full retained history, with interpolation at viewport boundaries.
+- Reduced graph-history memory usage per sample substantially, allowing retention to increase from 100,000 to 500,000 samples per target without proportional memory growth.
+- Increased regular TUI refresh frequency to 100 ms for smoother updates.
+
+#### Compatibility
+
+- Automatic reconnect applies to continuous TUI runs, not ordinary `irtt-client` runs or finite TUI runs. Explicit stops and no-test completion do not trigger retries.
+- Dual-stack expansion changes target labels and can double probe traffic per hostname. The stdin limit of 128 desired targets applies after expansion; generated labels must remain unique.
+- Address families are discovered when a declaration is added. Each new session resolves the original hostname within its assigned family; newly appearing families are not added automatically. Unchanged stdin declarations retain their discovered families, while removal and re-addition performs fresh discovery.
+- New stdin declarations are prepared asynchronously while existing measurements continue. Preparation errors stop the stream gracefully without applying a partial target set.
+- The larger graph cap permits higher eventual memory use: approximately 42 MiB per target for retained graph samples at the cap on 64-bit macOS, excluding statistics and rendering buffers.
+- Application-library callers must await client/TUI run and preparation functions and supply the new shutdown argument to the run functions.
+- `ClientArgs::prepare` and `TuiArgs::prepare` are also asynchronous; `TargetPreparation::prepare` replaces `prepare_managed_targets`, and `parse_stdin_target_set` now returns `TargetSpec` values for preparation.
+- The application's former `TargetAuth` type was replaced by `irtt_client::managed::TargetAuth`.
+- The public output wrappers `EventRenderStats` and `IpdvPair` were removed in favor of `irtt_stats::EventStatsUpdate` and `IpdvPairUpdate`.
+- `DEFAULT_RECV_TIMEOUT`, `is_shutdown_requested`, and `TuiArgs::timestamp_mode` were removed. `install_signal_handler` is now available only with the `server` feature; client/TUI embedding uses `install_async_signal_handler`.
+- MSRV remains Rust 1.88. Existing output column names and formats are preserved.
+
 ### 0.7.1
 
 #### Fixed
@@ -220,10 +409,15 @@ Starting with this release, crates are versioned and tagged independently
 rather than in lockstep. Each crate's release is tagged as `<crate>/vX.Y.Z`
 (e.g. `irtt-proto/v0.5.0`), pointing at the commit its version was released
 from. `irtt-proto`, `irtt-client`, `irtt-server`, and `irtt-stats` are
-libraries published to [crates.io](https://crates.io); their tags exist to
+libraries published to [crates.io](https://crates.io); publication is a separate
+manual Cargo step. Their tags exist to
 identify the exact source for a given crates.io release and do not produce a
 GitHub Release. The application package (`irtt-cli` through 0.5.0, `irtt-rs`
 from 0.6.0 onward) is the only package with prebuilt binary artifacts: pushing
 an `irtt-rs/vX.Y.Z` tag triggers [cargo-dist](https://opensource.axo.dev/cargo-dist/)
-to build and publish a GitHub Release with platform binaries. The historical
+to build and publish a GitHub Release with platform binaries. On Gitea, the
+same application tag triggers the server Docker image workflow, publishing
+`X.Y.Z` and `latest` to Gitea and GHCR. Library tags
+trigger the Gitea Semver workflow, but neither binary nor image publication.
+The application tag also triggers that Semver check. The historical
 `irtt-cli/v0.5.0` tag remains as released; it is not rewritten or replaced.

Cargo.lock

@@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-set"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08807e080ed7f9d5433fa9b275196cfc35414f66a0c79d864dc51a0d825231a3"
+checksum = "56d87354e4229f54a44f7bf2435906a4656dba36026ab6eaca629a2c436a691c"
 dependencies = [
- "bit-vec 0.8.0",
+ "bit-vec 0.10.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -138,9 +138,13 @@ checksum = "349f9b6a179ed607305526ca489b34ad0a41aed5f7980fa90eb03160b69598fb"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-vec"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
+checksum = "5727b15fa97d4f4fee0a3b7c3d550ed0269f54329207b86388de918604e31269"
+dependencies = [
+ "borsh",
+ "serde",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
@@ -181,6 +185,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "borsh"
+version = "1.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "553c5d846a6ba5150c65e3b1b8ec073bcf1abc20f9b7220de384a4443ea4e20a"
+dependencies = [
+ "borsh-derive",
+ "bytes",
+ "cfg_aliases",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "borsh-derive"
+version = "1.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "12cdfe656708a01f89b451a7d36466e6fe6c414de0aa18fc54f864f6f9ca9f56"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
 version = "3.20.3"
@@ -199,6 +227,12 @@ version = "1.25.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "95832e849adfb21180ccb6826a99da14e5d266ae5c2e668e1602cf234f153797"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bytes"
+version = "1.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc652a48c352aef3ea3aed32080501cf3ef6ed5da78602a020c991775b0aff04"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "castaway"
 version = "0.2.4"
@@ -210,9 +244,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f74872d07caf508b30a21f6836e7d7016a2eaf7d9ff4f48deaa58cd8a0407630"
+checksum = "86e055fa6e3e40ad6187ba25b6855eeb635d5271f8e0f0e1e9a5826b8d75bea0"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "shlex",
@@ -230,6 +264,17 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f079e83a288787bcd14a6aea84cee5c87a67c5a3e660c30f557a3d24761b3527"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "chacha20"
+version = "0.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "65c35e4b699c7e15ccbe7ee35c005e4fc0a278d22238a2857e6ce2dadeda1b06"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.1",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
 version = "0.4.45"
@@ -251,6 +296,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "clap_derive",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "clap-num"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "822c4000301ac390e65995c62207501e3ef800a1fc441df913a5e8e4dc374816"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
 version = "4.6.7"
@@ -272,7 +326,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -328,6 +382,12 @@ version = "0.8.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "core_detect"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7f8f80099a98041a3d1622845c271458a2d73e688351bf3cb999266764b81d48"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -337,6 +397,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5ca28b0ae3115b884660db4118d803791fd6756b6e88f39c0f3f7859060d7566"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "critical-section"
 version = "1.2.0"
@@ -413,9 +482,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ctutils"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d5515a3834141de9eafb9717ad39eea8247b5674e6066c404e8c4b365d2a29e"
+checksum = "fe3e9d21d39e6f39ff46e03d5b621424f88ee23d8a1672c6bfc9ccc7f2da4f6a"
 dependencies = [
  "cmov",
 ]
@@ -440,7 +509,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "strsim",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -451,7 +520,7 @@ checksum = "2ac7135c3ef02b2f7833bbeb1be5ba7f966dcde8a87c6b87f65a778d71a02785"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -462,9 +531,9 @@ checksum = "5729f5117e208430e437df2f4843f5e5952997175992d1414f94c57d61e270b4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deranged"
-version = "0.5.8"
+version = "0.5.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7cd812cc2bc1d69d4764bd80df88b4317eaef9e773c75226407d9bc0876b211c"
+checksum = "9e9de72ce2ad1f90dc62fa25f0f430ef85eb4b0d8fa0be4f30373bc40a21d28e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more"
@@ -533,15 +602,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
-version = "1.18.0"
+version = "1.19.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "252afb9ae5eaa683babdc6a068b3f5726eb19e05070c731f9b2a23a7c3e8ed34"
+checksum = "0e9c71c2167ca323c882b99918929403426e2373ea17242ff5653e0d5e1058be"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "877a4ace8713b0bcf2a4e7eec82529c029f1d0619886d18145fea96c3ffe5c0f"
+checksum = "00d174d5400e5e8fd687ad1049e2f578285fa914201b1af7e8b112a4546bd826"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "errno"
@@ -591,9 +660,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "find-msvc-tools"
-version = "0.1.14"
+version = "0.1.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aedcfb3409746eddb02b9e19ebda1c3394f759a152e48ee875a0844d1b955484"
+checksum = "1c66915cc5391097de7a2b0b972e8505aa33c0df401fd3a6811dbdb32881ba48"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "finl_unicode"
@@ -674,17 +743,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
  "r-efi 6.0.0",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.16.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
-dependencies = [
- "allocator-api2",
- "equivalent",
- "foldhash",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -719,6 +778,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "digest 0.11.3",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "humantime"
+version = "2.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "15cdd26707701c53297e2fa6afb323d55fbc1d0810c3aec078ae3ef0424c3c15"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hybrid-array"
 version = "0.4.15"
@@ -759,10 +824,20 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b9e0384b61958566e926dc50660321d12159025e767c18e043daf26b70104c39"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "indoc"
-version = "2.0.7"
+name = "indexmap"
+version = "2.14.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "79cf5c93f93228cf8efb3ba362535fb11199ac548a09ce117c9b1adc3030d706"
+checksum = "cc4e190f5d26ca7051642629da2c52fc03bde85a03197c99408dcd291734c855"
+dependencies = [
+ "equivalent",
+ "hashbrown",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "indoc"
+version = "2.0.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a37b2691796cffeb8a8cd305ac66e65841559f147f4e63231d0eafa4db5384d1"
 dependencies = [
  "rustversion",
 ]
@@ -777,12 +852,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "indoc",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "irtt-client"
-version = "0.5.3"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "irtt-proto",
  "irtt-server",
@@ -804,7 +879,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "irtt-proto"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 dependencies = [
  "hmac",
  "md-5",
@@ -815,13 +890,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "irtt-rs"
-version = "0.7.1"
+version = "0.10.1"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "clap",
+ "clap-num",
  "crossterm",
  "ctrlc",
  "futures-core",
+ "hex",
+ "humantime",
  "irtt-client",
  "irtt-proto",
  "irtt-server",
@@ -833,7 +911,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "irtt-server"
-version = "0.5.3"
+version = "0.5.4"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.4.3",
  "irtt-proto",
@@ -845,7 +923,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "irtt-stats"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.6.0"
 dependencies = [
  "irtt-client",
  "measurement-stats",
@@ -886,11 +964,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "kasuari"
-version = "0.4.12"
+version = "0.4.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bde5057d6143cc94e861d90f591b9303d6716c6b9602309150bd068853c10899"
+checksum = "72f14c90e40a6133f4805b83542a7ed7364f56070b447f56e7f4e90297122209"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown",
  "portable-atomic",
  "thiserror 2.0.21",
 ]
@@ -909,9 +987,9 @@ checksum = "20870f649af7073d53e38067b2a84312175d56ea15217e1b15bc83506ec50afb"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.190"
+version = "0.2.191"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ce5d3ddc6d3fa000eb1536d85e147bfe31aacaba692ed6a876f95cb7c855be78"
+checksum = "65cd87c9a6d60536580b316ad985726104730a5151c99845f2490428ef91240a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libm"
@@ -936,9 +1014,9 @@ checksum = "32a66949e030da00e8c7d4434b251670a91556f4144941d37452769c25d58a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "litrs"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "11d3d7f243d5c5a8b9bb5d6dd2b1602c0cb0b9db1621bafc7ed66e35ff9fe092"
+checksum = "4744e383959f0db86ede514b809b1c53251889093803c05267acc7d4e7030d70"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
@@ -961,16 +1039,16 @@ version = "0.18.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ef9ac18847474e638e3702b76c65d4eb93428471a74778ef0f1be711717f89b5"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+ "hashbrown",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mac_address"
-version = "1.2.0"
+version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b367b50a9be9a5d3b5718c1da74e5d6b9c17647f89752ee2562a470cc3c4eb1a"
+checksum = "f3d0581a75c45969c63afd2bb87b1d8b25cfcc556c7a918cf9bb13b0fe8d2381"
 dependencies = [
- "nix 0.30.1",
+ "nix 0.31.3",
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
@@ -1041,19 +1119,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "nix"
-version = "0.30.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "74523f3a35e05aba87a1d978330aef40f67b0304ac79c1c00b294c9830543db6"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.13.2",
- "cfg-if",
- "cfg_aliases",
- "libc",
- "memoffset",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
 version = "0.31.3"
@@ -1105,18 +1170,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num_threads"
-version = "0.1.7"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c7398b9c8b70908f6371f47ed36737907c87c52af34c268fed0bf0ceb92ead9"
+checksum = "cabcc654086861f9e1bc5115258de62ef92c79b20f4615a1b0cc57c4e82027d4"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2"
-version = "0.6.4"
+version = "0.6.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3a12a8ed07aefc768292f076dc3ac8c48f3781c8f2d5851dd3d98950e8c5a89f"
+checksum = "08849bbd4767dfae9457696856ae1c84fe4e0281bbe4a7abff2d0e06fb7981f8"
 dependencies = [
  "objc2-encode",
 ]
@@ -1206,19 +1271,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest"
-version = "2.9.2"
+version = "2.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "45d3aca230fad2e6f6317ca0a72724338c4960cb97168a85cdee66df4a9a21a8"
+checksum = "a8db75153506001cb36ed924f08cadc862eb3f8c4d0d534139f29074769d7660"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
+ "pest_stack_guard",
  "ucd-trie",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_derive"
-version = "2.9.2"
+version = "2.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "284b60557f2c4a2e72ad3f2d34d42685a2fa4a6a61d0d2a10c0ae2a5e916c2cf"
+checksum = "20aa17e11fb35664b67d5214a0afac57a360d231b6ec53d6eba0700b27d933b4"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "pest_generator",
@@ -1226,26 +1292,36 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_generator"
-version = "2.9.2"
+version = "2.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d9d1f08a115309ee99268cf85e5228e0e56aa9caf8841ec12866b6be07c3109"
+checksum = "626ec5afccf44ccbfeb2b232316510bb55b4bf34d891afcb0fb07d2b17d7fe9d"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "pest_meta",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.119",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest_meta"
-version = "2.9.2"
+version = "2.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ed93ba1a9ffcca32130a5188701c81c0c49cf00d4b7c5007d5148951d743adcb"
+checksum = "b3f45b6caa65c1b08186832745159c2529994146340a7bf44168095469720f5d"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pest_stack_guard"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "97e6cd2217057fa86b6eaa512917e58089d875b957a31e35e7ab729977e0a5f2"
+dependencies = [
+ "psm",
+ "stacker",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
 version = "0.11.3"
@@ -1312,17 +1388,17 @@ checksum = "05c8b63e8d9609db387f0324918f81d68fe27748f084ef092fb35954d0539a85"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "powerfmt"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+checksum = "4a6394b9e965e73d0a289ee54f589087e2c676aedf60885baf52c76b771e4958"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ppv-lite86"
-version = "0.2.21"
+name = "proc-macro-crate"
+version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
 dependencies = [
- "zerocopy",
+ "toml_edit",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1336,16 +1412,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proptest"
-version = "1.11.0"
+version = "1.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b45fcc2344c680f5025fe57779faef368840d0bd1f42f216291f0dc4ace4744"
+checksum = "b8530004ccb15eae51c7e40009fbe317f341f804db54dc033eec1c50be28cfa0"
 dependencies = [
- "bit-set 0.8.0",
- "bit-vec 0.8.0",
+ "bit-set 0.11.1",
+ "bit-vec 0.10.1",
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "chacha20",
+ "core_detect",
  "num-traits",
- "rand 0.9.5",
- "rand_chacha",
+ "rand 0.10.3",
  "rand_xorshift",
  "regex-syntax",
  "rusty-fork",
@@ -1353,6 +1430,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "unarray",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "psm"
+version = "0.1.24"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "200b9ff220857e53e184257720a14553b2f4aa02577d2ed9842d45d4b9654810"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quick-error"
 version = "1.2.3"
@@ -1391,22 +1477,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
-version = "0.9.5"
+version = "0.10.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b9ef1d0d795eb7d84685bca4f72f3649f064e6641543d3a8c415898726a57b41"
+checksum = "65c9fb96cbc91e3478eaae79a69fcd3f1ae4ad052e471fe6732fff548984b4af"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core 0.9.5",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rand_chacha"
-version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
-dependencies = [
- "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core 0.9.5",
+ "getrandom 0.4.3",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1417,20 +1493,17 @@ checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
-version = "0.9.5"
+version = "0.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "76afc826de14238e6e8c374ddcc1fa19e374fd8dd986b0d2af0d02377261d83c"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
-]
+checksum = "63b8176103e19a2643978565ca18b50549f6101881c443590420e4dc998a3c69"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_xorshift"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "513962919efc330f829edb2535844d1b912b0fbe2ca165d613e4e8788bb05a5a"
+checksum = "60aa6af80be32871323012e02e6e65f8a7cc7890931ae421d217ad8fe0df2ccf"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.9.5",
+ "rand_core 0.10.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1458,7 +1531,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
  "compact_str",
  "critical-section",
- "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+ "hashbrown",
  "itertools",
  "kasuari",
  "lru",
@@ -1521,7 +1594,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "66e3d19bcc9130ca376277d93b60767ff121ace3be06f5f95f81dd68956407d1"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
- "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+ "hashbrown",
  "indoc",
  "instability",
  "itertools",
@@ -1583,9 +1656,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "1.1.5"
+version = "1.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "891efababe418670775f199f0d233d84843c227a0949a883ce15b37c78d6629d"
+checksum = "e5e76742e5294153d4dde1207dbec5bdd81eef6fabdc0d2118babadabfd858aa"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
  "errno",
@@ -1657,7 +1730,7 @@ checksum = "e7a5d71263a5a7d47b41f6b3f06ba276f10cc18b0931f1799f710578e2309348"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1667,7 +1740,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "cpufeatures",
+ "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
  "digest 0.10.7",
 ]
 
@@ -1722,9 +1795,9 @@ checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.16.2"
+version = "1.16.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f9395f0f0eee849a9b707b2f06bb92a6a422090e2123bb2ef8e87a0e61892a8e"
+checksum = "d0d5d4b1981b8bbbb7aed204cae5726d683d5d6ac7e74ec54122ea28f315e7c8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
@@ -1736,6 +1809,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "stacker"
+version = "0.1.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "707f49d46706bacf8a2b00d51dace3f9de527c13eec3778f570c411f89e69967"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "psm",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "static_assertions"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -1799,9 +1885,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "3.0.6"
+version = "3.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8593e8e72159ed2257d083c7a454a85cbf854f37a0966d8d483aff8c8a3ebcee"
+checksum = "d78c8dee4c7bf0e14673097256fed6142ce9d3b85a408189d07482442145823b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1934,7 +2020,7 @@ checksum = "fe5197923287db20a58125f0bc85c062f7f2c892de97b18c356f9efb14b28524"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1960,9 +2046,9 @@ checksum = "9e1c906769ad99c88eaa54e728060edef082f8e358ff32030cb7c7d315e81109"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.53.2"
+version = "1.54.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e95f91fcc7a621e8b030f6aa23c71fe9838ae2fb4d8118b75602a328f5144044"
+checksum = "b52fd3255258d26fac7264ab5a76b53c13367136dc011d3d6ad4f8ed070396a3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "mio",
@@ -1980,7 +2066,37 @@ checksum = "78773a2a397f451582ce068015985c33193cf6dea8b74d2a639fe457b2f07b0e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_datetime"
+version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2b86d767906c6c42421dcba507eb9d203e779497710a47782a224bb871653053"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_edit"
+version = "0.25.17+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e3641d5bbb5349a79e1020a242d251efbc546ad8048d133958323ce9c40a9c9c"
+dependencies = [
+ "indexmap",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "toml_parser",
+ "winnow",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_parser"
+version = "1.1.5+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "baa693a8032d7e1cada7d0041e96126df243179ff061456783ac7f12bda4744c"
+dependencies = [
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2003,9 +2119,9 @@ checksum = "eaea85b334db583fe3274d12b4cd1880032beab409c0d774be044d4480ab9a94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.26"
+version = "1.0.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d245f478577f809a851594d02313b640fb437e0bb33866753cff937863096954"
+checksum = "a2c754d6c33795a1c324727428e5a7dedb5b06195f9890bdbcba760d3e246563"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-segmentation"
@@ -2026,9 +2142,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"
+checksum = "ca718471876992059f251e33aafc334346ada08042b7661dd1fe313a9bced557"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "utf8parse"
@@ -2038,9 +2154,9 @@ checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.27.0"
+version = "1.29.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97277d36b9c3ace13e58fa6e753f8b0bbbf302a18dd193240d70f9e29681059a"
+checksum = "4a0e2d11620c50695fe12bbbfde96b3477fe606e7284c22d505c12ce51214514"
 dependencies = [
  "atomic",
  "getrandom 0.4.3",
@@ -2119,7 +2235,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -2294,28 +2410,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23b97319f7b8343df12cc98938e5c3eb436064524c8d2b4e30a1d3a36eecdf81"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wit-bindgen"
 version = "0.57.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1ebf944e87a7c253233ad6766e082e3cd714b5d03812acc24c318f549614536e"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.59"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6df92bf3d9227be3d53173901ddbffac2babc27ae50f397776ffd6dc33f800cb"
-dependencies = [
- "zerocopy-derive",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.59"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ac4f328cf2f05d084e496c3e9c3f33ed0a183656a16e1fcec4d464d8373aec82"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.119",
-]

Cargo.toml

@@ -14,13 +14,12 @@ edition = "2021"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 rust-version = "1.88"
 repository = "https://github.com/Lochnair/irtt-rs"
-homepage = "https://github.com/Lochnair/irtt-rs"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-irtt-proto = { version = "0.5.0", path = "crates/irtt-proto" }
-irtt-client = { version = "0.5.1", path = "crates/irtt-client" }
-irtt-server = { version = "0.5.2", path = "crates/irtt-server" }
-irtt-stats = { version = "0.5.0", path = "crates/irtt-stats" }
+irtt-proto = { version = "0.5.2", path = "crates/irtt-proto" }
+irtt-client = { version = "0.7.0", path = "crates/irtt-client" }
+irtt-server = { version = "0.5.4", path = "crates/irtt-server" }
+irtt-stats = { version = "0.6.0", path = "crates/irtt-stats" }
 
 [profile.release]
 opt-level = "z"

Cross.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+[build]
+# MIPS musl std expects libunwind; cross GCC provides libgcc_eh.
+pre-build = [
+    '''
+    for cc in /usr/local/bin/mips*-gcc; do
+        [ -x "$cc" ] || continue
+        archive=$("$cc" -print-file-name=libgcc_eh.a)
+        test -f "$archive" || exit 1
+        ln -sf libgcc_eh.a "$(dirname "$archive")/libunwind.a"
+    done
+    ''',
+]
+
+[target.riscv64gc-unknown-linux-musl]
+image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/riscv64gc-unknown-linux-musl:main"
+
+[target.mips-unknown-linux-musl]
+image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/mips-unknown-linux-musl:main"
+build-std = ["std", "panic_abort"]
+
+[target.mipsel-unknown-linux-musl]
+image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/mipsel-unknown-linux-musl:main"
+build-std = ["std", "panic_abort"]
+
+[target.mips64-unknown-linux-muslabi64]
+image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/mips64-unknown-linux-muslabi64:main"
+build-std = ["std", "panic_abort"]
+
+[target.mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64]
+image = "ghcr.io/cross-rs/mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64:main"
+build-std = ["std", "panic_abort"]

README.md

@@ -1,95 +1,68 @@
 # irtt-rs
 
-`irtt-rs` is a Rust implementation of an IRTT-compatible client and server:
-finite or continuous UDP latency probing, plus the server side those probes
-run against.
+`irtt-rs` is an IRTT-compatible client and server written in Rust. You can use
+it to measure UDP latency for a fixed duration or leave it running
+continuously, and run your own server for the probes to talk to.
 
-This is not the upstream IRTT project. For the original implementation,
-protocol background, and broader documentation, see
-[heistp/irtt](https://github.com/heistp/irtt). The installed dispatcher is
-named `irtt-rs` rather than `irtt` to avoid conflicting with or being
-mistaken for it.
+The original IRTT implementation is [heistp/irtt](https://github.com/heistp/irtt),
+which also has protocol background and more documentation. This project is
+independent, so the installed dispatcher is named `irtt-rs` to keep it from
+conflicting with or being mistaken for `irtt`.
 
 ## Features
 
-* Finite and continuous probe sessions
-* Concurrent probing of multiple targets, with staggered or burst pacing
-* Reusable client library with a structured event stream (blocking, Tokio,
+- Finite and continuous probe sessions
+- Concurrent probing of multiple targets, with staggered or burst pacing
+- Reusable client library with a structured event stream (blocking, Tokio,
   or managed)
-* Human-readable table output, plus CSV, TSV, and JSON Lines for scripts and
+- Human-readable table output, plus CSV, TSV, and JSON Lines for scripts and
   monitoring systems, with selectable output columns
-* Optional terminal UI
-* Reusable Tokio-native server library
-* UDP server applet with sensible zero-argument defaults and explicit bind
-  and session-policy options
-* Router-friendly multi-applet binary layout
+- Optional terminal UI
+- Reusable Tokio-native server library
+- UDP server applet you can run without arguments, with options for bind
+  addresses and session policy when you need them
+- A single binary that can run several applets, useful on routers
 
 ## Comparison with upstream IRTT
 
-`irtt-rs` is an independent, compatible reimplementation, not a successor or
-replacement for upstream IRTT — [heistp/irtt](https://github.com/heistp/irtt)
-remains the original implementation. Interoperability is a project goal; see
-[`docs/INTEROP_COMPARISON.md`](docs/INTEROP_COMPARISON.md) and
-[`docs/protocol/`](docs/protocol/) for the black-box interoperability
-methodology and protocol baseline this project verifies against. Choose
-between them based on the capabilities and deployment model you need.
+`irtt-rs` is useful if you want to watch several targets at once, compare
+them in a terminal dashboard, or feed selected measurements into a script.
+You can leave it running with statistics and automatic reconnection, use
+its Rust libraries in your own application, or deploy a single binary on
+a router.
 
-The table below was checked against upstream release
-[v0.9.2](https://github.com/heistp/irtt/releases/tag/v0.9.2) (2026-07-17).
-This project's own interop testing and protocol baseline are currently
-pinned to the prior release, v0.9.1; the wire protocol version number is
-unchanged between the two, but v0.9.2 has not itself been exercised against
-this project's interop harness.
+Upstream IRTT is much more mature, and if you don't need the features
+specific to `irtt-rs`, you should probably use it. It also has more tools
+for working with saved results and controlling how probes run, including
+replaying saved JSON reports, timer and clock diagnostics, and client
+payload fill and timing algorithms.
 
-| Capability | irtt-rs | upstream IRTT (v0.9.2) |
-| --- | --- | --- |
-| Wire protocol | Protocol version 1, verified against upstream v0.9.1 | Protocol version 1 (unchanged in v0.9.2) |
-| Finite probing | Supported, default 10s | Supported, default 1m |
-| Continuous/indefinite operation | Supported (`--duration 0`); still computes running statistics (see below) | Supported via streaming mode (`-s`, added in v0.9.2); computes no statistics at all in that mode |
-| Statistics in continuous mode | Running count/min/max/mean/variance per target; exact medians unavailable; bounded IPDV tracking | None in streaming mode — raw/event output only, by design, to avoid unbounded memory |
-| Multi-target probing (one invocation) | Supported, with labels and staggered/burst pacing | Not supported — one remote address per invocation |
-| Terminal UI | `irtt-tui`, a live graph/dashboard applet | Not present |
-| Output formats | table, csv, tsv, jsonl, with selectable columns | Text summary, JSON (optionally gzip to file), and a fixed-field raw mode; no CSV/TSV and no column selection |
-| Client/server library API | Separate, independently versioned Rust crates (`irtt-client`, `irtt-server`) | One combined Go package exposing both roles |
-| Server: multiple listeners | `ServerSet` supervises several listeners in one process | `ListenAndServe` also serves multiple requested addresses |
-| Server: wildcard reply-source | Default behavior on Linux/macOS/FreeBSD; refused elsewhere rather than served incorrectly | Opt-in via `--set-src-ip`, with a documented per-packet allocation cost |
-| Server: zero-argument bind | Binds the wildcard address on both families by default, gated by the platform check above | Binds the wildcard address on both families by default; no documented platform gate |
-| Prebuilt release binaries | Published for six target triples | None published; install via `go install` or manual build |
-
-Upstream has capabilities this project does not implement: a `report`
-subcommand for replaying saved JSON results, benchmarking and
-timer/clock-diagnostic subcommands, client-side payload fill and
-don't-fragment/wait-strategy/timer-algorithm controls, an operator-configurable
-server-side fill policy (this project's server always honors a session's
-negotiated fill request, with a fixed fallback pattern, but has no equivalent
-to upstream's flags for restricting or overriding it), syslog logging, and
-bundled systemd/OpenRC service files.
-
-This project has capabilities upstream does not implement: multi-target
-probing with labels, the terminal UI, CSV/TSV output with selectable
-columns, a quantified and actively-warned memory-retention model for
-long-running client sessions, and best-effort Linux kernel-timestamp
-preference for its own send/receive endpoint.
+See the [detailed comparison](docs/INTEROP_COMPARISON.md) for individual
+features, version coverage, and black-box interoperability testing.
 
 ## Installation
 
-The build requires Rust 1.88 or newer.
+Prebuilt binaries for supported platforms are available on the
+[GitHub Releases](https://github.com/Lochnair/irtt-rs/releases) page.
 
-Install the latest release from crates.io:
+Alternatively, install from crates.io using Rust 1.88 or newer:
 
 ```sh
 cargo install irtt-rs --locked
 ```
 
-This installs the `irtt-rs` dispatcher plus dedicated `irtt-client`,
-`irtt-tui`, and `irtt-server` binaries. Each applet can also be built in
-isolation with `--no-default-features` plus the applet's own feature, for
-example a lightweight client-only install:
+This installs the `irtt-rs` dispatcher along with dedicated `irtt-client`,
+`irtt-tui`, and `irtt-server` binaries. If you only need the client, you can
+disable the other applets and statistics:
 
 ```sh
 cargo install irtt-rs --locked --no-default-features --features client
 ```
 
+This installs `irtt-client` and the `irtt-rs` dispatcher. Add `stats`
+(`--features client,stats`) to retain statistics in a client-only build.
+Statistics are enabled by default; the TUI always enables them.
+
 For development, or to install directly from a checkout:
 
 ```sh
@@ -104,44 +77,80 @@ Probe a server:
 
 ```sh
 irtt-client netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112 --duration 30s --interval 100ms
+
+# Negotiate parameters without sending measurement probes
+irtt-client --no-test netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112
 ```
 
 Probe continuously until interrupted (`Ctrl-C`):
 
 ```sh
-irtt-client netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112 --duration 0
+irtt-client netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112 --continuous
+
+# Recover failed, closed, or silent sessions independently per target
+irtt-client netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112 --continuous --reconnect \
+  --reconnect-timeout 10s --reconnect-initial-delay 250ms --reconnect-max-delay 10s
 ```
 
+Reconnection resets statistics for that target; summaries cover its latest
+session. Add `--no-stats` for measurement events without statistics collection.
+
 Watch the same session live in the terminal UI:
 
 ```sh
 irtt-tui netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112
 ```
 
-Run a server with sensible defaults — no `--bind` needed:
+To run your own server, you can leave out `--bind` and use the defaults:
 
 ```sh
 irtt-server
 ```
 
+### Dynamic targets from stdin
+
+If another application decides which servers to probe, `--targets-stdin`
+lets it change targets without restarting the client. It works in
+continuous mode:
+
+```sh
+irtt-client --continuous --targets-stdin --reconnect --no-stats \
+  --format csv --columns event,target,seq,rd_us,sd_us
+```
+
+Send one comma-separated target set per line to stdin, for example:
+
+```text
+ams=ams.example:2112,lhr=lhr.example:2112
+ams=ams.example:2112
+[]
+```
+
+Each line gives the complete desired target set. Unchanged targets keep
+running, removed targets stop, and new or changed targets start. Use `[]`
+to clear all targets without exiting.
+
+The CSV includes an `event` column so your script can distinguish
+`echo_reply` measurements from other events.
+
+Keep stdin open while controlling the client. Closing it sends EOF and stops the run gracefully.
+
+See [Dynamic target sets from standard input](docs/irtt-client.md#dynamic-target-sets-from-standard-input)
+for the full syntax and behavior.
+
 ## Documentation
 
-* [`docs/irtt-client.md`](docs/irtt-client.md) — target syntax, output
+- [`docs/irtt-client.md`](docs/irtt-client.md): target syntax, output
   formats and columns, measurement field definitions, finite/continuous
   memory behavior, kernel timestamps.
-* [`docs/irtt-tui.md`](docs/irtt-tui.md) — controls, continuous default,
+- [`docs/irtt-tui.md`](docs/irtt-tui.md): controls, continuous default,
   retained history.
-* [`docs/irtt-server.md`](docs/irtt-server.md) — bind defaults and
+- [`docs/irtt-server.md`](docs/irtt-server.md): bind defaults and
   overrides, wildcard listener behavior, session policy, HMAC.
-* [`docs/irtt-rs.md`](docs/irtt-rs.md) — the multicall dispatcher, applet
+- [`docs/irtt-rs.md`](docs/irtt-rs.md): the multicall dispatcher, applet
   binary names, feature-gated builds.
-* [docs.rs](https://docs.rs) for the library crates below.
-* [`docs/protocol/`](docs/protocol/) and
-  [`docs/INTEROP_COMPARISON.md`](docs/INTEROP_COMPARISON.md) for the wire
-  protocol specification and interoperability validation against upstream
-  `irtt`.
 
-Every applet also documents its full option list with `--help`.
+You can also run any applet with `--help` for its full option list.
 
 ## Crates
 
@@ -153,15 +162,13 @@ Every applet also documents its full option list with `--help`.
 | [`irtt-stats`](crates/irtt-stats) | [crates.io](https://crates.io/crates/irtt-stats) | Statistics aggregation over `irtt-client` events ([docs.rs](https://docs.rs/irtt-stats)) |
 | [`irtt-proto`](crates/irtt-proto) | [crates.io](https://crates.io/crates/irtt-proto) | Low-level wire protocol encode/decode ([docs.rs](https://docs.rs/irtt-proto)) |
 
-Each library crate has its own crates.io README describing what it's for and
-when to use it instead of `irtt-client`/`irtt-server` directly.
-
 ## Binaries and features
 
 | Build | Binaries |
 | --- | --- |
 | `--no-default-features` | `irtt-rs` |
 | `--no-default-features --features client` | `irtt-rs`, `irtt-client` |
+| `--no-default-features --features client,stats` | `irtt-rs`, `irtt-client` (with statistics) |
 | `--no-default-features --features server` | `irtt-rs`, `irtt-server` |
 | `--no-default-features --features tui` | `irtt-rs`, `irtt-tui` |
 | Default features (or `--all-features`) | `irtt-rs`, `irtt-client`, `irtt-tui`, `irtt-server` |
@@ -174,7 +181,3 @@ cargo test --workspace --locked
 cargo test --workspace --doc --all-features --locked
 cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets --all-features --locked -- -D warnings
 ```
-
-See [`AGENTS.md`](AGENTS.md) for architecture, testing policy, and the
-clean-room provenance boundary this project maintains against upstream
-`irtt`.

crates/irtt-app/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "irtt-rs"
-version = "0.7.1"
+version = "0.10.1"
 description = "IRTT-compatible client, TUI, and server applications"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 rust-version.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-homepage.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = ["irtt", "networking", "latency", "rtt"]
 categories = ["command-line-utilities", "network-programming"]
@@ -41,33 +40,31 @@ required-features = ["server"]
 doc = false
 
 [features]
-default = ["client", "server", "tui"]
-client = ["dep:tokio", "dep:irtt-client", "irtt-client/ancillary", "irtt-client/tokio", "dep:irtt-proto", "dep:irtt-stats"]
-server = ["dep:irtt-server", "dep:tokio"]
-tui =["dep:tokio", "dep:futures-core", "dep:irtt-client", "irtt-client/ancillary", "irtt-client/tokio", "dep:irtt-proto", "dep:irtt-stats", "dep:ratatui", "dep:crossterm", "dep:chrono"]
+default = ["client", "server", "tui", "stats"]
+client = ["dep:humantime", "dep:tokio", "dep:irtt-client", "irtt-client/ancillary", "irtt-client/tokio", "dep:irtt-proto"]
+stats = ["dep:irtt-stats"]
+server = ["dep:irtt-server", "dep:irtt-proto", "dep:tokio"]
+tui =["dep:humantime", "dep:tokio", "dep:futures-core", "dep:irtt-client", "irtt-client/ancillary", "irtt-client/tokio", "dep:irtt-proto", "stats", "dep:ratatui", "dep:crossterm", "dep:chrono"]
 
 [dependencies]
 chrono = { version = "0.4.45", default-features = false, features = ["clock"], optional = true }
 clap = { version = "4.6.7", features = ["derive", "env"] }
+clap-num = "=1.2.0"
 crossterm = { version = "0.29.0", features = ["event-stream"], optional = true }
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.34", default-features = false, optional = true }
+hex = "0.4.3"
+humantime = { version = "2.4.0", optional = true }
 ctrlc = { version = "3.5.2", features = ["termination"] }
 irtt-client = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 irtt-proto = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 irtt-server = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 irtt-stats = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 ratatui = { version = "0.30.2", optional = true }
-tokio = { version = "1.53.2", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "time", "sync", "macros"], optional = true }
+tokio = { version = "1.54.1", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "net", "time", "sync", "macros"], optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 irtt-server.workspace = true
-tokio = { version = "1.53.2", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "sync"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.54.1", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "sync"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dev-dependencies]
 nix = { version = "0.31.3", features = ["term", "poll", "signal", "process"] }
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = "z"
-lto = true
-codegen-units = 1
-strip = "symbols"

crates/irtt-app/README.md

@@ -11,8 +11,13 @@ Installing this crate builds:
 - `irtt-tui` — the interactive terminal UI (feature `tui`).
 - `irtt-server` — the dedicated server binary (feature `server`).
 
-All three features are enabled by default, so a plain `cargo install irtt-rs`
-installs everything.
+The `client`, `server`, `tui`, and `stats` features are enabled by default, so a
+plain `cargo install irtt-rs` installs everything. The TUI requires statistics
+and enables `stats` automatically.
+
+For a client without statistics, use
+`cargo install irtt-rs --locked --no-default-features --features client --bin irtt-client`.
+Use `--features client,stats` for a client-only build with statistics.
 
 ## This is an application, not a library
 

crates/irtt-app/src/applet.rs

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ pub fn dispatch_from_argv(argv: Vec<OsString>) -> Result<AppletDispatch, String>
     };
 
     match command {
+        "-V" | "--version" => Ok(AppletDispatch::Help(crate::version::app())),
         "-h" | "--help" => Ok(AppletDispatch::Help(dispatcher_help())),
         "client" => Ok(AppletDispatch::Run {
             applet: RequestedApplet::Client,
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ pub fn dispatch_from_argv(argv: Vec<OsString>) -> Result<AppletDispatch, String>
 
 pub fn dispatcher_help() -> String {
     let mut command = Command::new("irtt-rs")
+        .version(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
         .about("IRTT-compatible multi-applet dispatcher")
         .subcommand(Command::new("client").about(client_applet_about()))
         .subcommand(Command::new("tui").about(tui_applet_about()))

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/client/args.rs

@@ -9,14 +9,18 @@ use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
 pub const DEFAULT_CLIENT_DURATION: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Parser)]
-#[command(name = "irtt-client", about = "Minimal IRTT-compatible stream client")]
+#[command(
+    name = "irtt-client",
+    version,
+    about = "Minimal IRTT-compatible stream client"
+)]
 pub struct ClientArgs {
     /// Server address/host, optionally prefixed with LABEL= and suffixed with @hmac=KEY. Repeat for multi-target mode.
     #[arg(
         value_name = "TARGET",
         num_args = 0..,
         value_parser = parse_target,
-        long_help = "Server address/host, optionally prefixed with LABEL= and suffixed with @hmac=KEY. Repeat for multi-target mode.\n\nExamples:\n  irtt-client host-a:2112 host-b:2112\n  irtt-client eu=host-a:2112 us=host-b:2112\n  irtt-client ams=host-a:2112@hmac=secret public=host-b:2112@hmac=\n\nA target without @hmac= inherits --hmac. @hmac= explicitly disables it for that target."
+        long_help = "Server address/host, optionally prefixed with LABEL= and suffixed with @hmac=KEY. Repeat for multi-target mode. Keys use literal UTF-8 or lowercase 0x followed by hexadecimal bytes.\n\nExamples:\n  irtt-client host-a:2112 host-b:2112\n  irtt-client eu=host-a:2112 us=host-b:2112\n  irtt-client ams=host-a:2112@hmac=secret public=host-b:2112@hmac=\n\nA target without @hmac= inherits --hmac. @hmac= explicitly disables it for that target."
     )]
     pub targets: Vec<TargetArg>,
 
@@ -27,6 +31,15 @@ pub struct ClientArgs {
     )]
     pub targets_stdin: bool,
 
+    /// Negotiate parameters and exit without sending measurement probes.
+    #[arg(
+        short = 'n',
+        long,
+        conflicts_with = "targets_stdin",
+        long_help = "Negotiate parameters with each target and exit without sending measurement probes. Duration options still set the requested duration, but do not keep this mode running. Reports negotiated parameters using the selected output format, without a measurement summary."
+    )]
+    pub no_test: bool,
+
     /// Managed group pacing for multi-target mode.
     #[arg(
         long,
@@ -38,13 +51,43 @@ pub struct ClientArgs {
 
     #[arg(
         long,
+        short = 'd',
         default_value = "10s",
         value_parser = parse_test_duration,
-        help = "Test duration; use 0 for continuous mode",
-        long_help = "Test duration; use 0 for continuous mode.\n\nFinite runs retain exact statistics for final summaries. Continuous mode uses bounded-memory running statistics and prints a final summary when interrupted; --targets-stdin also prints the final retained summary on EOF."
+        help = "Test duration (e.g. 2.5s, 1m30s, 1h); use --continuous for continuous mode (0 is also accepted)",
+        long_help = "Test duration (e.g. 2.5s, 1m30s, 500us, 100ns, 1h); use --continuous for continuous mode (0 is also accepted).\n\nWhen statistics support is compiled in and --no-stats is not selected, finite runs retain exact statistics for final summaries. Continuous mode uses bounded-memory running statistics and prints a final summary when interrupted; --targets-stdin also prints the final retained summary on EOF."
     )]
     pub duration: Duration,
 
+    /// Run continuously until interrupted (equivalent to --duration 0).
+    #[arg(long, conflicts_with = "duration")]
+    pub continuous: bool,
+
+    /// Disable statistics collection and final summaries; retain measurement event output.
+    /// Accepted even when statistics support is not compiled in.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    pub no_stats: bool,
+
+    /// Retry failed, closed, or silent sessions (requires continuous mode).
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        conflicts_with = "no_test",
+        long_help = "Retry failed initial opens and closed, failed, or silent sessions independently per target. Requires --continuous or --duration 0. Unsuccessful connections use exponential backoff (defaults: 250ms initial, 10s maximum), configurable with --reconnect-initial-delay and --reconnect-max-delay. Use --reconnect-timeout to configure silence detection and --no-stats when only measurement events are needed."
+    )]
+    pub reconnect: bool,
+
+    /// Reconnect after this long without valid replies while sending probes.
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "10s", value_parser = crate::shared::client::parse_duration, requires = "reconnect")]
+    pub reconnect_timeout: Duration,
+
+    /// Initial retry delay, restored after a valid reply.
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "250ms", value_parser = crate::shared::client::parse_duration, requires = "reconnect")]
+    pub reconnect_initial_delay: Duration,
+
+    /// Maximum retry delay (must be at least twice the initial delay).
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "10s", value_parser = crate::shared::client::parse_duration, requires = "reconnect")]
+    pub reconnect_max_delay: Duration,
+
     #[command(flatten)]
     pub common: CommonClientArgs,
 
@@ -52,6 +95,7 @@ pub struct ClientArgs {
     #[arg(
         long,
         value_enum,
+        short = 'f',
         default_value_t = OutputFormat::Table,
         long_help = "Event row output format.\n\nTable is the default interactive format. CSV, TSV, and JSON Lines default to all columns for structured export."
     )]
@@ -83,7 +127,7 @@ pub struct ClientArgs {
     pub header: HeaderMode,
 
     /// Include extra fields in table output and final summaries.
-    #[arg(long)]
+    #[arg(short = 'v', long)]
     pub verbose: bool,
 }
 
@@ -92,23 +136,44 @@ impl ClientArgs {
     ///
     /// Targets are only required here. `--list-columns` returns before this is
     /// called, so listing columns still needs no target.
-    pub fn prepare(&self) -> Result<ManagedRunSetup, String> {
-        if self.targets_stdin && !self.is_continuous() {
-            return Err("--targets-stdin requires --duration 0".to_owned());
+    pub async fn prepare(&self) -> Result<ManagedRunSetup, String> {
+        if self.reconnect && !self.is_continuous() {
+            return Err("--reconnect requires --continuous or --duration 0".to_owned());
         }
-        prepare_managed_run(
+        if self
+            .reconnect_initial_delay
+            .checked_mul(2)
+            .is_none_or(|minimum| self.reconnect_max_delay < minimum)
+        {
+            return Err(
+                "--reconnect-max-delay must be at least twice --reconnect-initial-delay".to_owned(),
+            );
+        }
+        if self.targets_stdin && !self.is_continuous() {
+            return Err("--targets-stdin requires --continuous or --duration 0".to_owned());
+        }
+        let mut setup = prepare_managed_run(
             &self.common,
-            self.duration,
+            if self.continuous {
+                Duration::ZERO
+            } else {
+                self.duration
+            },
             TargetSelection {
                 targets: &self.targets,
                 pacing: self.pacing,
                 stdin_controlled: self.targets_stdin,
             },
         )
+        .await?;
+        if self.no_test {
+            setup.client.request.run_mode = irtt_client::RunMode::NoTest;
+        }
+        Ok(setup)
     }
 
     pub fn is_continuous(&self) -> bool {
-        self.duration == Duration::ZERO
+        self.continuous || self.duration == Duration::ZERO
     }
 
     pub fn timestamp_mode(&self) -> TimestampArg {

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/client/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 pub mod args;
 pub mod output;
 pub mod run;
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 pub mod summary;
 
 pub use args::{ClientArgs, HeaderMode, OutputFormat};

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/client/output.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use irtt_client::{
     ServerTiming, SignedDuration, WarningKind,
 };
 
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 use irtt_stats::{EventStatsUpdate, IpdvPairUpdate};
 
 use super::args::{HeaderMode, OutputFormat};
@@ -48,10 +49,12 @@ impl OutputConfig {
         })
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     pub(super) fn prints_summary(&self) -> bool {
         self.format.prints_summary()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     pub(super) fn summary_verbose(&self) -> bool {
         self.verbose
     }
@@ -96,15 +99,22 @@ impl OutputConfig {
         &self,
         event: &ClientEvent,
         target: Option<&str>,
-        stats: Option<&EventStatsUpdate>,
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")] stats: Option<&EventStatsUpdate>,
     ) -> Option<String> {
         let row = OutputRow::from_event(event);
         if self.default_table_rows && row.is_default_table_hidden() {
             return None;
         }
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+        let ipdv_ns = row
+            .seq()
+            .and_then(|seq| ipdv_pair(stats, seq))
+            .map(|pair| pair.rtt_ipdv_ns);
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "stats"))]
+        let ipdv_ns = None;
         let context = RenderContext {
-            stats,
+            ipdv_ns,
             target,
             verbose: self.verbose,
         };
@@ -155,7 +165,7 @@ impl OutputConfig {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 struct RenderContext<'a> {
-    stats: Option<&'a EventStatsUpdate>,
+    ipdv_ns: Option<i128>,
     target: Option<&'a str>,
     verbose: bool,
 }
@@ -541,7 +551,7 @@ columns! {
     SendDelay("sd", ["send_delay"], 9, right, "human-readable client-to-server delay");
     SendDelayUs("sd_us", ["send_delay_us"], 10, right, "client-to-server delay in signed microseconds");
     Ipdv("ipdv", [], 9, right, "human-readable round-trip IPDV for adjacent samples");
-    IpdvUs("ipdv_us", [], 10, right, "round-trip IPDV in microseconds");
+    IpdvUs("ipdv_us", [], 10, right, "round-trip IPDV in signed microseconds");
     ServerProcessing("proc", ["server_processing"], 9, right, "human-readable server processing time");
     ServerProcessingUs("server_processing_us", [], 20, right, "server processing time in microseconds");
     Bytes("bytes", [], 10, right, "packet bytes for packet events");
@@ -817,14 +827,12 @@ fn cell_for(row: &OutputRow, column: Column, context: RenderContext<'_>) -> Opti
             .reply()
             .and_then(|reply| reply.one_way.and_then(|one_way| one_way.client_to_server))
             .map(|value| CellValue::Integer(signed_duration_us(value))),
-        Column::Ipdv => row
-            .seq()
-            .and_then(|seq| ipdv_pair(context.stats, seq))
-            .map(|pair| CellValue::text(format_duration(pair.rtt_ipdv))),
-        Column::IpdvUs => row
-            .seq()
-            .and_then(|seq| ipdv_pair(context.stats, seq))
-            .map(|pair| CellValue::Unsigned(duration_us(pair.rtt_ipdv))),
+        Column::Ipdv => context.ipdv_ns.map(|value| {
+            CellValue::text(format_signed_duration(SignedDuration::from_nanos(value)))
+        }),
+        Column::IpdvUs => context
+            .ipdv_ns
+            .map(|value| CellValue::Integer(value / 1_000)),
         Column::ServerProcessing => row
             .reply()
             .and_then(|reply| reply.server_timing.and_then(|timing| timing.processing))
@@ -931,6 +939,7 @@ fn server_timing_i64(
         .map(|value| CellValue::Integer(i128::from(value)))
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 fn ipdv_pair(stats: Option<&EventStatsUpdate>, seq: u32) -> Option<&IpdvPairUpdate> {
     let stats = stats?;
     stats

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/client/run.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 use std::{
-    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashSet, VecDeque},
+    collections::{HashSet, VecDeque},
     io::{self, BufRead, Write},
     sync::Arc,
     thread,
+    time::Duration,
 };
 
 use irtt_client::{
     managed::{
-        ManagedClient, ManagedCommandApplyError, ManagedEndReason, ManagedEvent, ManagedStatus,
-        ManagedTargetConfig, ManagedTargetEndReason, ManagedTargetOutcome, TargetInstance,
+        ManagedClient, ManagedCommandApplyError, ManagedEndReason, ManagedEvent,
+        ManagedEventTryRecvError, ManagedTargetEndReason, ManagedTargetOutcome, TargetInstance,
     },
     ClientEvent,
 };
@@ -16,27 +17,82 @@ use irtt_client::{
 use super::{args::ClientArgs, output::OutputConfig};
 
 use crate::shared::client::{
-    expected_probe_count, parse_stdin_target_set,
+    parse_stdin_target_set,
     session::{
-        drain_final_events, peer_close_run_error, request_managed_stop_for_peer_close,
-        request_managed_stop_once, should_print_final_summary,
+        peer_close_run_error, request_managed_stop_for_peer_close, request_managed_stop_once,
     },
     worker::ManagedWorker,
-    ManagedRunSetup, STDIN_MAX_DESIRED_TARGETS, STDIN_OUTCOME_HISTORY_LIMIT,
+    ManagedRunSetup, TargetSpec, STDIN_MAX_DESIRED_TARGETS, STDIN_OUTCOME_HISTORY_LIMIT,
 };
 
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 use irtt_stats::{EventStatsUpdate, StatsCollector, StatsConfig};
 
-const MIB: u64 = 1024 * 1024;
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+use crate::shared::client::{expected_probe_count, session::should_print_final_summary};
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+use irtt_client::managed::ManagedStatus;
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 
-const GIB: u64 = 1024 * MIB;
-
-const FINITE_STATS_MEMORY_WARNING_BYTES: u64 = 128 * MIB;
-
-const FINITE_STATS_MEMORY_STRONG_WARNING_BYTES: u64 = 512 * MIB;
-
-const FINITE_STATS_MEMORY_VERY_STRONG_WARNING_BYTES: u64 = GIB;
 const MAX_STDIN_RECORD_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
+const INTERRUPTED_OUTPUT_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(250);
+
+// The frontend only renders into memory. This thread is the sole stdout owner;
+// dropping its JoinHandle deliberately detaches a writer blocked in a pipe.
+struct StdoutWriter {
+    sender: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<Vec<u8>>,
+    shutdown: tokio::sync::watch::Receiver<bool>,
+    grace_deadline: Option<tokio::time::Instant>,
+}
+
+impl StdoutWriter {
+    // Measurement output stops waiting for capacity as soon as interrupted.
+    async fn send(&self, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let mut shutdown = self.shutdown.clone();
+        tokio::select! {
+            biased;
+            _ = shutdown.wait_for(|requested| *requested) => {
+                buffer.clear();
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            result = self.enqueue(buffer) => result,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Summaries and writer completion share one grace period, regardless of
+    // the number of targets. Normal output never has a delivery deadline.
+    async fn send_summary(&mut self, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let mut shutdown = self.shutdown.clone();
+        tokio::select! {
+            biased;
+            _ = shutdown.wait_for(|requested| *requested) => {
+                let deadline = *self.grace_deadline.get_or_insert_with(|| {
+                    tokio::time::Instant::now() + INTERRUPTED_OUTPUT_GRACE
+                });
+                match tokio::time::timeout_at(deadline, self.enqueue(buffer)).await {
+                    Ok(result) => result,
+                    Err(_) => { buffer.clear(); Ok(()) }
+                }
+            }
+            result = self.enqueue(buffer) => result,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn enqueue(&self, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if !buffer.is_empty() {
+            // Take ownership only once capacity is available. Normal operation
+            // preserves ordering without dropping rendered chunks.
+            let permit = self
+                .sender
+                .reserve()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|_| io::Error::other("stdout writer stopped accepting output"))?;
+            permit.send(std::mem::take(buffer));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
 
 pub async fn run_stream(
     args: ClientArgs,
@@ -46,9 +102,69 @@ pub async fn run_stream(
         print!("{}", OutputConfig::list_columns());
         return Ok(());
     }
-    let setup = args
-        .prepare()
-        .map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, err))?;
+    let (sender, mut receiver) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel::<Vec<u8>>(64);
+    let (completed, mut completion) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+    let writer = thread::Builder::new()
+        .name("irtt-stdout".to_owned())
+        .spawn(move || {
+            let result = (|| {
+                let mut stdout = io::LineWriter::new(io::stdout().lock());
+                while let Some(chunk) = receiver.blocking_recv() {
+                    stdout.write_all(&chunk)?;
+                }
+                stdout.flush()
+            })();
+            let _ = completed.send(result);
+        })?;
+    let mut output = StdoutWriter {
+        sender,
+        shutdown: shutdown.clone(),
+        grace_deadline: None,
+    };
+    let run_shutdown = shutdown.clone();
+    let result = tokio::select! {
+        biased;
+        result = &mut completion => {
+            // Dropping the run future stops and joins its ManagedWorker first.
+            writer.join().map_err(|_| io::Error::other("stdout writer thread panicked"))?;
+            result.map_err(|_| io::Error::other("stdout writer completed without a result"))??;
+            return Err(io::Error::other("stdout writer stopped unexpectedly").into());
+        }
+        result = run_stream_output(args, run_shutdown, &mut output) => result,
+    };
+    let grace_deadline = output.grace_deadline;
+    drop(output);
+    // An interrupt during normal flushing also starts the bounded grace period.
+    let written = tokio::select! {
+        biased;
+        _ = shutdown.wait_for(|requested| *requested) => {
+            let deadline = grace_deadline.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                tokio::time::Instant::now() + INTERRUPTED_OUTPUT_GRACE
+            });
+            match tokio::time::timeout_at(deadline, &mut completion).await {
+                Ok(written) => written,
+                Err(_) => return result,
+            }
+        }
+        result = &mut completion => result,
+    };
+    writer
+        .join()
+        .map_err(|_| io::Error::other("stdout writer thread panicked"))?;
+    written.map_err(|_| io::Error::other("stdout writer completed without a result"))??;
+    result
+}
+
+async fn run_stream_output(
+    args: ClientArgs,
+    mut shutdown: tokio::sync::watch::Receiver<bool>,
+    output: &mut StdoutWriter,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let setup = tokio::select! {
+        result = args.prepare() => result.map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, err))?,
+        _ = shutdown.wait_for(|requested| *requested) => return Ok(()),
+    };
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     let multi_target = setup.is_multi_target();
     let output_config = OutputConfig::new(
         args.format,
@@ -57,34 +173,55 @@ pub async fn run_stream(
         args.verbose,
     )
     .map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, err))?;
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+    if let Some(warning) = reconnect_stats_warning(&args) {
+        eprintln!("{warning}");
+    }
     if setup.stdin_controlled {
-        return run_stdin_stream(setup, output_config, shutdown).await;
+        return run_stdin_stream(setup, output_config, shutdown, &args, output).await;
     }
     let continuous = args.is_continuous();
-    let target_count = setup.target_count();
 
-    if let Some(warning) = finite_stats_memory_warning(&args, target_count) {
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+    if let Some(warning) = finite_stats_memory_warning(&args, setup.target_count()) {
         eprintln!("{warning}");
     }
     if *shutdown.borrow() {
         return Ok(());
     }
-    let (task, handle) = ManagedClient::task(setup.managed_config(), setup.managed_targets())?;
+    let (task, handle) = ManagedClient::task(
+        {
+            let mut config = setup.managed_config();
+            config.reconnect_timeout = args.reconnect.then_some(args.reconnect_timeout);
+            config.reconnect_initial_delay = args.reconnect_initial_delay;
+            config.reconnect_max_delay = args.reconnect_max_delay;
+            config
+        },
+        setup.managed_targets(),
+    )?;
     let mut events = handle.subscribe()?;
     let mut status = handle.subscribe_status();
     let owner = ManagedWorker::start(task, handle.clone())?;
-    let mut stdout = io::LineWriter::new(io::stdout().lock());
+    let mut stdout = Vec::new();
     let mut stream_output = StreamOutput {
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+        continuous: args.is_continuous(),
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+        collect_stats: !args.no_stats,
         config: output_config,
         header_printed: false,
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
         print_final_summary: false,
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
         show_running_only_summary_note: false,
         out: &mut stdout,
     };
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     let mut stats = setup
         .targets
         .iter()
+        .filter(|_| !args.no_stats)
         .map(|target| {
             (
                 target.label.clone(),
@@ -112,14 +249,18 @@ pub async fn run_stream(
         ) {
             drop(handle.stop());
         }
-        if snapshot.final_outcome.is_some() {
+        if interrupted || snapshot.final_outcome.is_some() {
             break;
         }
         tokio::select! {
-            _ = shutdown.changed(), if !interrupted => {}
+            _ = shutdown.changed() => {}
             changed = status.changed() => { if changed.is_err() { break; } }
             event = events.recv() => match event {
-                Ok(event) => process_event(event, &mut stream_output, &mut stats, &mut terminal_targets)?,
+                Ok(event) => {
+                    if *shutdown.borrow() { continue; }
+                    process_event(event, &mut stream_output, #[cfg(feature = "stats")] &mut stats, &mut terminal_targets)?;
+                    output.send(stream_output.out).await?;
+                }
                 Err(tokio::sync::broadcast::error::RecvError::Lagged(count)) => {
                     dropped_events = dropped_events.saturating_add(count);
                 }
@@ -131,9 +272,24 @@ pub async fn run_stream(
         eprintln!("interrupted, closing managed run...");
     }
     let outcome = owner.join().await?;
-    drain_final_events(&mut events, &mut dropped_events, |event| {
-        process_event(event, &mut stream_output, &mut stats, &mut terminal_targets)
-    })?;
+    while !*shutdown.borrow() {
+        match events.try_recv() {
+            Ok(event) => {
+                process_event(
+                    event,
+                    &mut stream_output,
+                    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+                    &mut stats,
+                    &mut terminal_targets,
+                )?;
+                output.send(stream_output.out).await?;
+            }
+            Err(ManagedEventTryRecvError::Lagged(count)) => {
+                dropped_events = dropped_events.saturating_add(count);
+            }
+            Err(ManagedEventTryRecvError::Empty | ManagedEventTryRecvError::Closed) => break,
+        }
+    }
     if let Some(warning) = dropped_event_warning(dropped_events) {
         eprintln!("{warning}");
     }
@@ -166,13 +322,16 @@ pub async fn run_stream(
                     })
             }),
     };
-    stream_output.print_final_summary = should_print_final_summary(continuous, interrupted);
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+    {
+        stream_output.print_final_summary =
+            !args.no_stats && !args.no_test && should_print_final_summary(continuous, interrupted);
         stream_output.show_running_only_summary_note =
             continuous && interrupted && stream_output.print_final_summary;
         for target in &setup.targets {
-        let target_stats = stats.get(&target.label).expect(
-            "every prepared target must have a stats collector inserted before the run begins",
-        );
+            let Some(target_stats) = stats.get(&target.label) else {
+                continue;
+            };
             if multi_target
                 && stream_output.print_final_summary
                 && stream_output.config.prints_summary()
@@ -181,8 +340,10 @@ pub async fn run_stream(
                 writeln!(stream_output.out, "target: {}", target.label)?;
             }
             stream_output.print_summary(target_stats)?;
+            output.send_summary(stream_output.out).await?;
         }
-    stream_output.out.flush()?;
+    }
+    output.send_summary(stream_output.out).await?;
     if let Some(error) = terminal_error {
         return Err(error.into());
     }
@@ -191,7 +352,7 @@ pub async fn run_stream(
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 enum StdinUpdate {
-    Targets(Vec<ManagedTargetConfig>),
+    Targets(Vec<TargetSpec>),
     Stop(StdinStop),
 }
 
@@ -286,9 +447,7 @@ fn read_stdin_target_sets<R: BufRead>(
                 }
                 match parse_stdin_target_set(&record, STDIN_MAX_DESIRED_TARGETS) {
                     Ok(targets) => {
-                        updates.send_replace(StdinUpdate::Targets(
-                            targets.into_iter().map(|target| target.managed).collect(),
-                        ));
+                        updates.send_replace(StdinUpdate::Targets(targets));
                     }
                     Err(error) => {
                         updates.send_replace(StdinUpdate::Stop(StdinStop::Fatal(format!(
@@ -357,21 +516,33 @@ impl BoundedTargetSet {
 fn process_stdin_event<W: Write>(
     event: ManagedEvent,
     stream_output: &mut StreamOutput<'_, W>,
-    stats: &mut BTreeMap<TargetInstance, StatsCollector>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")] stats: &mut BTreeMap<TargetInstance, StatsCollector>,
     terminal_targets: &mut BoundedTargetSet,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     match event {
-        ManagedEvent::TargetStateChanged { target, .. } => {
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+        ManagedEvent::TargetStateChanged { target, .. } if stream_output.collect_stats => {
             stats
                 .entry(target)
                 .or_insert_with(|| StatsCollector::new(stats_config(true)));
         }
         ManagedEvent::Client { target, event } => {
+            #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+            let update = stream_output.collect_stats.then(|| {
                 let collector = stats
                     .entry(target.clone())
                     .or_insert_with(|| StatsCollector::new(stats_config(true)));
-            let update = collector.process(&event);
-            stream_output.print_event(&event, Some(target.id.as_str()), &update)?;
+                if matches!(event, ClientEvent::SessionStarted(_)) {
+                    *collector = StatsCollector::new(stats_config(true));
+                }
+                collector.process(&event)
+            });
+            stream_output.print_event(
+                &event,
+                Some(target.id.as_str()),
+                #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+                update.as_ref(),
+            )?;
         }
         ManagedEvent::TargetFinished { outcome }
             if terminal_targets.insert(outcome.target.clone()) =>
@@ -383,6 +554,7 @@ fn process_stdin_event<W: Write>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 fn reconcile_stdin_stats(
     stats: &mut BTreeMap<TargetInstance, StatsCollector>,
     status: &ManagedStatus,
@@ -399,10 +571,15 @@ fn reconcile_stdin_stats(
     });
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 fn snapshot_stdin_summary_targets(
     stats: &mut BTreeMap<TargetInstance, StatsCollector>,
     status: &ManagedStatus,
+    enabled: bool,
 ) -> BTreeSet<TargetInstance> {
+    if !enabled {
+        return BTreeSet::new();
+    }
     let targets = status
         .targets
         .iter()
@@ -427,28 +604,49 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
     setup: ManagedRunSetup,
     output_config: OutputConfig,
     mut shutdown: tokio::sync::watch::Receiver<bool>,
+    args: &ClientArgs,
+    output: &mut StdoutWriter,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     if *shutdown.borrow() {
         return Ok(());
     }
-    let (task, handle) = ManagedClient::task(setup.managed_config(), setup.managed_targets())?;
+    let (task, handle) = ManagedClient::task(
+        {
+            let mut config = setup.managed_config();
+            config.reconnect_timeout = args.reconnect.then_some(args.reconnect_timeout);
+            config.reconnect_initial_delay = args.reconnect_initial_delay;
+            config.reconnect_max_delay = args.reconnect_max_delay;
+            config
+        },
+        setup.managed_targets(),
+    )?;
     let mut events = handle.subscribe()?;
     let mut status = handle.subscribe_status();
     let owner = ManagedWorker::start(task, handle.clone())?;
     let (updates, mut stdin) = tokio::sync::watch::channel(StdinUpdate::Targets(Vec::new()));
     spawn_stdin_target_reader(updates)?;
 
-    let mut stdout = io::LineWriter::new(io::stdout().lock());
+    let mut stdout = Vec::new();
     let mut stream_output = StreamOutput {
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+        continuous: args.is_continuous(),
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+        collect_stats: !args.no_stats,
         config: output_config,
         header_printed: false,
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
         print_final_summary: false,
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
         show_running_only_summary_note: false,
         out: &mut stdout,
     };
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     let mut stats = BTreeMap::new();
     let mut terminal_targets = BoundedTargetSet::new(STDIN_OUTCOME_HISTORY_LIMIT);
     let mut stdin_changed = false;
+    let mut preparation = setup.preparation.clone();
+    let mut desired_specs = None;
+    let mut preparing = None;
     let mut desired = None;
     let mut pending = None;
     let mut submitted = Vec::new();
@@ -456,22 +654,44 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
     let mut dropped_events = 0_u64;
     let mut stop_requested = false;
     let mut stop = None;
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     let mut summary_targets = None;
     loop {
         let snapshot = status.borrow_and_update().clone();
-        if stop.is_none() {
         if *shutdown.borrow() {
             stop = Some(StdinStop::Interrupted);
-            } else if stdin_changed || stdin.has_changed().unwrap_or(true) {
+            #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+            {
+                summary_targets = Some(stats.keys().cloned().collect());
+            }
+            if request_managed_stop_once(&mut stop_requested) {
+                drop(handle.stop());
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        if stop.is_none() {
+            if stdin_changed || stdin.has_changed().unwrap_or(true) {
                 stdin_changed = false;
                 match stdin.borrow_and_update().clone() {
-                    StdinUpdate::Targets(targets) => {
-                        desired = Some(targets);
+                    StdinUpdate::Targets(specs) => {
+                        desired_specs = Some(specs);
+                        desired = None;
                         retry_after = None;
                     }
                     StdinUpdate::Stop(reason) => stop = Some(reason),
                 }
             }
+            if stop.is_none() && preparing.is_none() {
+                if let Some(specs) = desired_specs.take() {
+                    // Only one preparation runs at a time. Newer records supersede
+                    // its result without piling up uncancellable system DNS jobs.
+                    preparing = Some(Box::pin(
+                        preparation
+                            .clone()
+                            .prepare(specs, Some(STDIN_MAX_DESIRED_TARGETS)),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
             if stop.is_none()
                 && pending.is_none()
                 && !retry_after
@@ -494,20 +714,51 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
                 }
             }
             if stop.is_some() {
-                summary_targets = Some(snapshot_stdin_summary_targets(&mut stats, &snapshot));
+                preparing = None;
+                #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+                {
+                    summary_targets = Some(snapshot_stdin_summary_targets(
+                        &mut stats,
+                        &snapshot,
+                        !args.no_stats,
+                    ));
+                }
                 if request_managed_stop_once(&mut stop_requested) {
                     drop(handle.stop());
                 }
             }
         }
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
         reconcile_stdin_stats(&mut stats, &snapshot, summary_targets.as_ref());
         if snapshot.final_outcome.is_some() {
             break;
         }
         tokio::select! {
-            _ = shutdown.changed(), if stop.is_none() => {}
+            _ = shutdown.changed() => {}
             _ = stdin.changed(), if stop.is_none() => { stdin_changed = true; }
             changed = status.changed() => { if changed.is_err() { break; } }
+            result = async { preparing.as_mut().expect("guarded target preparation").await }, if preparing.is_some() && stop.is_none() => {
+                preparing = None;
+                // Let the next loop consume any newer record, including EOF,
+                // before considering this prepared revision for submission.
+                if desired_specs.is_none() && !stdin.has_changed().unwrap_or(true) {
+                    match result {
+                        Ok((targets, next_preparation)) => {
+                            preparation = next_preparation;
+                            desired = Some(targets.into_iter().map(|target| target.managed).collect());
+                            retry_after = None;
+                        }
+                        Err(error) => {
+                            stop = Some(StdinStop::Fatal(format!("invalid --targets-stdin target set: {error}")));
+                            #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+                            {
+                                summary_targets = Some(snapshot_stdin_summary_targets(&mut stats, &status.borrow(), !args.no_stats));
+                            }
+                            if request_managed_stop_once(&mut stop_requested) { drop(handle.stop()); }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             result = async { pending.as_mut().expect("guarded pending receipt").await }, if pending.is_some() && stop.is_none() => {
                 pending = None;
                 match result {
@@ -515,7 +766,7 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
                     Err(ManagedCommandApplyError::LiveGenerationLimitExceeded { .. }) => {
                         // A newer desired set supersedes this rejected set. Otherwise,
                         // retry only after the driver's status advances from submission.
-                        if desired.is_none() {
+                        if desired.is_none() && desired_specs.is_none() && preparing.is_none() {
                             desired = Some(std::mem::take(&mut submitted));
                         } else {
                             retry_after = None;
@@ -523,15 +774,21 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
                     }
                     Err(_) => {
                         stop = Some(StdinStop::Fatal("--targets-stdin update was rejected".to_owned()));
-                        summary_targets = Some(snapshot_stdin_summary_targets(&mut stats, &status.borrow()));
+                        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+                        {
+                            summary_targets = Some(snapshot_stdin_summary_targets(&mut stats, &status.borrow(), !args.no_stats));
+                        }
                         if request_managed_stop_once(&mut stop_requested) { drop(handle.stop()); }
                     }
                 }
             }
             event = events.recv() => match event {
                 Ok(event) => {
-                    process_stdin_event(event, &mut stream_output, &mut stats, &mut terminal_targets)?;
+                    if *shutdown.borrow() { continue; }
+                    process_stdin_event(event, &mut stream_output, #[cfg(feature = "stats")] &mut stats, &mut terminal_targets)?;
+                    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
                     reconcile_stdin_stats(&mut stats, &status.borrow(), summary_targets.as_ref());
+                    output.send(stream_output.out).await?;
                 }
                 Err(tokio::sync::broadcast::error::RecvError::Lagged(count)) => {
                     dropped_events = dropped_events.saturating_add(count);
@@ -542,9 +799,24 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
     }
 
     let outcome = owner.join().await?;
-    drain_final_events(&mut events, &mut dropped_events, |event| {
-        process_stdin_event(event, &mut stream_output, &mut stats, &mut terminal_targets)
-    })?;
+    while !*shutdown.borrow() {
+        match events.try_recv() {
+            Ok(event) => {
+                process_stdin_event(
+                    event,
+                    &mut stream_output,
+                    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+                    &mut stats,
+                    &mut terminal_targets,
+                )?;
+                output.send(stream_output.out).await?;
+            }
+            Err(ManagedEventTryRecvError::Lagged(count)) => {
+                dropped_events = dropped_events.saturating_add(count);
+            }
+            Err(ManagedEventTryRecvError::Empty | ManagedEventTryRecvError::Closed) => break,
+        }
+    }
     if let Some(warning) = dropped_event_warning(dropped_events) {
         eprintln!("{warning}");
     }
@@ -560,7 +832,17 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
         );
     }
 
-    let print_summary = matches!(stop, Some(StdinStop::Interrupted | StdinStop::Eof));
+    if *shutdown.borrow() && !matches!(stop, Some(StdinStop::Interrupted)) {
+        stop = Some(StdinStop::Interrupted);
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+        {
+            summary_targets = Some(stats.keys().cloned().collect());
+        }
+    }
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+    {
+        let print_summary =
+            !args.no_stats && matches!(stop, Some(StdinStop::Interrupted | StdinStop::Eof));
         stream_output.print_final_summary = print_summary;
         stream_output.show_running_only_summary_note = print_summary;
         if let Some(summary_targets) = summary_targets {
@@ -578,9 +860,11 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
                     )?;
                 }
                 stream_output.print_summary(stats)?;
+                output.send_summary(stream_output.out).await?;
             }
         }
-    stream_output.out.flush()?;
+    }
+    output.send_summary(stream_output.out).await?;
 
     match stop {
         Some(StdinStop::Fatal(error)) => Err(error.into()),
@@ -596,16 +880,28 @@ async fn run_stdin_stream(
 fn process_event<W: Write>(
     event: ManagedEvent,
     stream_output: &mut StreamOutput<'_, W>,
-    stats: &mut BTreeMap<String, StatsCollector>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")] stats: &mut BTreeMap<String, StatsCollector>,
     terminal_targets: &mut HashSet<TargetInstance>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     match event {
         ManagedEvent::Client { target, event } => {
+            #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+            let update = stream_output.collect_stats.then(|| {
                 let collector = stats
-                .entry(target.id.as_str().to_owned())
-                .or_insert_with(|| StatsCollector::new(stats_config(false)));
-            let update = collector.process(&event);
-            stream_output.print_event(&event, Some(target.id.as_str()), &update)?;
+                    .get_mut(target.id.as_str())
+                    .expect("prepared target has a statistics collector");
+                if matches!(event, ClientEvent::SessionStarted(_)) {
+                    let config = stats_config(stream_output.continuous);
+                    *collector = StatsCollector::new(config);
+                }
+                collector.process(&event)
+            });
+            stream_output.print_event(
+                &event,
+                Some(target.id.as_str()),
+                #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+                update.as_ref(),
+            )?;
         }
         ManagedEvent::TargetFinished { outcome } => {
             terminal_targets.insert(outcome.target.clone());
@@ -639,13 +935,24 @@ fn target_failure_messages(target: &ManagedTargetOutcome) -> Vec<String> {
     messages
 }
 fn dropped_event_warning(dropped_events: u64) -> Option<String> {
-    (dropped_events > 0).then(|| format!("irtt-rs: warning: dropped {dropped_events} managed run event{}; output and statistics may be incomplete", if dropped_events == 1 { "" } else { "s" }))
+    let affected = if cfg!(feature = "stats") {
+        "output and statistics"
+    } else {
+        "output"
+    };
+    (dropped_events > 0).then(|| format!("irtt-rs: warning: dropped {dropped_events} managed run event{}; {affected} may be incomplete", if dropped_events == 1 { "" } else { "s" }))
 }
 
 struct StreamOutput<'a, W: Write> {
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+    continuous: bool,
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+    collect_stats: bool,
     config: OutputConfig,
     header_printed: bool,
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     print_final_summary: bool,
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     show_running_only_summary_note: bool,
     out: &'a mut W,
 }
@@ -654,10 +961,15 @@ impl<W: Write> StreamOutput<'_, W> {
         &mut self,
         event: &ClientEvent,
         target: Option<&str>,
-        update: &EventStatsUpdate,
+        #[cfg(feature = "stats")] update: Option<&EventStatsUpdate>,
     ) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.print_header()?;
-        if let Some(line) = self.config.render_event(event, target, Some(update)) {
+        if let Some(line) = self.config.render_event(
+            event,
+            target,
+            #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+            update,
+        ) {
             writeln!(self.out, "{line}")?;
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -673,6 +985,7 @@ impl<W: Write> StreamOutput<'_, W> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
     fn print_summary(&mut self, stats: &StatsCollector) -> io::Result<()> {
         if self.print_final_summary && self.config.prints_summary() {
             write!(
@@ -691,6 +1004,7 @@ impl<W: Write> StreamOutput<'_, W> {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 fn stats_config(continuous: bool) -> StatsConfig {
     if continuous {
         StatsConfig::continuous()
@@ -698,8 +1012,18 @@ fn stats_config(continuous: bool) -> StatsConfig {
         StatsConfig::finite()
     }
 }
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
 fn finite_stats_memory_warning(args: &ClientArgs, target_count: usize) -> Option<String> {
-    if args.is_continuous() || args.duration.is_zero() {
+    const MIB: u64 = 1024 * 1024;
+
+    const GIB: u64 = 1024 * MIB;
+
+    const FINITE_STATS_MEMORY_WARNING_BYTES: u64 = 128 * MIB;
+
+    const FINITE_STATS_MEMORY_STRONG_WARNING_BYTES: u64 = 512 * MIB;
+
+    const FINITE_STATS_MEMORY_VERY_STRONG_WARNING_BYTES: u64 = GIB;
+    if args.no_stats || args.no_test || args.is_continuous() || args.duration.is_zero() {
         return None;
     }
     let target_count = u64::try_from(target_count).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
@@ -726,3 +1050,8 @@ fn finite_stats_memory_warning(args: &ClientArgs, target_count: usize) -> Option
     };
     Some(format!("irtt-rs: warning: finite exact statistics may retain about {formatted} for this run; {guidance}"))
 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+fn reconnect_stats_warning(args: &ClientArgs) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    (args.reconnect && !args.no_stats).then_some("irtt-rs: warning: statistics spanning multiple sessions may not accurately represent one uninterrupted measurement run; use --no-stats for measurement events only. Session statistics reset on reconnect.")
+}

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/format.rs

@@ -57,12 +57,13 @@ pub(crate) fn format_ns_i128(value: i128) -> String {
 }
 
 /// Format an optional nanosecond scalar, rendering `None` as [`ABSENT`].
+#[cfg(any(all(feature = "client", feature = "stats"), feature = "tui"))]
 pub(crate) fn format_optional_ns_i128(value: Option<i128>) -> String {
     value.map(format_ns_i128).unwrap_or_else(absent)
 }
 
 /// Format an optional nanosecond scalar, rendering `None` as [`ABSENT`].
-#[cfg(feature = "client")]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "client", feature = "stats"))]
 pub(crate) fn format_optional_ns_f64(value: Option<f64>) -> String {
     value.map(format_ns_f64).unwrap_or_else(absent)
 }
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_signed_duration(value: SignedDuration) -> String {
 
 /// Format a percentage with two decimals; non-finite values render as
 /// [`ABSENT`].
+#[cfg(any(all(feature = "client", feature = "stats"), feature = "tui"))]
 pub(crate) fn format_percent(value: f64) -> String {
     if value.is_finite() {
         format!("{value:.2}%")
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ pub(crate) fn format_optional_count(value: Option<u64>) -> String {
     value.map(format_count).unwrap_or_else(absent)
 }
 
+#[cfg(any(all(feature = "client", feature = "stats"), feature = "tui"))]
 fn absent() -> String {
     ABSENT.to_owned()
 }

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/server/args.rs

@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ const DEFAULT_PORT: u16 = 2112;
 // Every policy option is optional. An omitted option leaves the corresponding
 // `ServerConfig` default in place rather than restating it here, so library and
 // CLI defaults cannot drift apart.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Parser)]
+#[derive(Clone, Parser)]
 #[command(
     name = "irtt-server",
+    version,
     about = "Minimal IRTT-compatible UDP server",
     after_help = "With no --bind, the server listens on the wildcard IRTT port for both address families ([::]:2112 and 0.0.0.0:2112) where the platform supports wildcard reply-source selection.\nRepeat --bind to serve multiple addresses in one process; any explicit --bind replaces the default pair entirely. All listeners use the same policy but keep independent session namespaces."
 )]
@@ -28,13 +29,14 @@ pub struct ServerArgs {
     )]
     pub bind: Vec<SocketAddr>,
 
+    // Decode during configuration preparation so Clap cannot echo rejected keys.
     /// HMAC key; every request must then carry a valid MAC.
     #[arg(
         long,
         value_name = "KEY",
-        value_parser = parse_hmac_key,
         env = "IRTT_SERVER_HMAC",
-        long_help = "HMAC key, taken as the UTF-8 bytes of this argument.\n\nAuthentication is global: with a key configured, every request must carry a valid MAC and every reply is authenticated. Without one, authenticated requests are dropped. The key is visible in the process arguments, or in the environment as IRTT_SERVER_HMAC."
+        hide_env_values = true,
+        long_help = "HMAC key: literal UTF-8 or lowercase 0x followed by hexadecimal bytes (digits may use either case). Empty keys and invalid hex are rejected.\n\nAuthentication is global: with a key configured, every request must carry a valid MAC and every reply is authenticated. Without one, authenticated requests are dropped. The key is visible in the process arguments, or in the environment as IRTT_SERVER_HMAC."
     )]
     pub hmac: Option<String>,
 
@@ -126,6 +128,23 @@ pub struct ServerArgs {
     pub no_dscp: bool,
 }
 
+impl std::fmt::Debug for ServerArgs {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("ServerArgs")
+            .field("hmac", &self.hmac.as_ref().map(|_| "[REDACTED]"))
+            .field("bind", &self.bind)
+            .field("max_sessions", &self.max_sessions)
+            .field("max_packet_length", &self.max_packet_length)
+            .field("min_interval", &self.min_interval)
+            .field("burst", &self.burst)
+            .field("idle_timeout", &self.idle_timeout)
+            .field("max_duration", &self.max_duration)
+            .field("timestamp_allowance", &self.timestamp_allowance)
+            .field("no_dscp", &self.no_dscp)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 /// The command-line spelling of [`TimestampAllowance`].
 ///
 /// A CLI-local enum rather than a `clap` derive on the library type: `irtt-server`
@@ -166,11 +185,10 @@ impl ServerArgs {
     }
 
     /// Builds the server configuration this invocation asks for.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn server_config(&self) -> ServerConfig {
+    pub fn server_config(&self) -> Result<ServerConfig, String> {
         let mut config = ServerConfig::default();
         if let Some(key) = self.hmac.as_ref() {
-            config = config.with_hmac_key(key.as_bytes());
+            config = config.with_hmac_key(crate::shared::decode_hmac_key(key)?);
         }
         if let Some(value) = self.max_sessions {
             config = config.with_max_sessions(value);
@@ -198,19 +216,10 @@ impl ServerArgs {
         if self.no_dscp {
             config = config.with_dscp_allowed(false);
         }
-        config
+        Ok(config)
     }
 }
 
-/// Rejects an empty HMAC key so a blank shell expansion cannot silently
-/// enable authentication with predictable, empty key material.
-fn parse_hmac_key(input: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    if input.is_empty() {
-        return Err("HMAC key must not be empty".to_owned());
-    }
-    Ok(input.to_owned())
-}
-
 /// Parses a duration whose zero is meaningful server policy.
 fn parse_duration_allow_zero(input: &str) -> Result<Duration, String> {
     if input == "0" {

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/server/run.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ async fn serve(
     args: ServerArgs,
     shutdown_requested: &AtomicBool,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let config = args.server_config();
+    let config = args.server_config()?;
     let binds = args.resolve_binds();
     let is_implicit_default = args.bind.is_empty();
     let set = match ServerSet::bind(binds.clone(), config.clone()).await {

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/tui/args.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ use crate::shared::client::{
 pub const DEFAULT_TUI_DURATION: Duration = Duration::ZERO;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Parser)]
-#[command(name = "irtt-tui", about = "Minimal IRTT-compatible TUI client")]
+#[command(
+    name = "irtt-tui",
+    version,
+    about = "Minimal IRTT-compatible TUI client"
+)]
 pub struct TuiArgs {
     /// Server address/host, optionally prefixed with LABEL= and suffixed with @hmac=KEY. Repeat for multi-target mode.
     #[arg(
@@ -18,7 +22,7 @@ pub struct TuiArgs {
         num_args = 1..,
         required = true,
         value_parser = parse_target,
-        long_help = "Server address/host, optionally prefixed with LABEL= and suffixed with @hmac=KEY. Repeat for multi-target mode.\n\nExplicit labels are used in the legend and status table. A target without @hmac= inherits --hmac; @hmac= disables it for that target.\n\nExamples:\n  irtt-tui host.example\n  irtt-tui eu=host.example\n  irtt-tui eu=host-a.example@hmac=secret us=host-b.example"
+        long_help = "Server address/host, optionally prefixed with LABEL= and suffixed with @hmac=KEY. Repeat for multi-target mode. Keys use literal UTF-8 or lowercase 0x followed by hexadecimal bytes.\n\nExplicit labels are used in the legend and status table. A target without @hmac= inherits --hmac; @hmac= disables it for that target.\n\nExamples:\n  irtt-tui host.example\n  irtt-tui eu=host.example\n  irtt-tui eu=host-a.example@hmac=secret us=host-b.example"
     )]
     pub targets: Vec<TargetArg>,
 
@@ -33,13 +37,18 @@ pub struct TuiArgs {
 
     #[arg(
         long,
+        short = 'd',
         default_value = "0",
         value_parser = parse_test_duration,
-        help = "Test duration; use 0 for continuous mode",
-        long_help = "Test duration; use 0 for continuous mode. The TUI defaults to continuous mode."
+        help = "Test duration (e.g. 2.5s, 1m30s, 1h); use --continuous for continuous mode (0 is also accepted)",
+        long_help = "Test duration (e.g. 2.5s, 1m30s, 500us, 100ns, 1h); use --continuous for continuous mode (0 is also accepted). The TUI defaults to continuous mode."
     )]
     pub duration: Duration,
 
+    /// Run continuously until interrupted (equivalent to --duration 0).
+    #[arg(long, conflicts_with = "duration")]
+    pub continuous: bool,
+
     #[command(flatten)]
     pub common: CommonClientArgs,
 }
@@ -49,20 +58,25 @@ impl TuiArgs {
     ///
     /// The TUI always requires a target: the parser rejects an empty target
     /// list, and this rejects a target set that cannot be labelled uniquely.
-    pub fn prepare(&self) -> Result<ManagedRunSetup, String> {
+    pub async fn prepare(&self) -> Result<ManagedRunSetup, String> {
         prepare_managed_run(
             &self.common,
-            self.duration,
+            if self.continuous {
+                Duration::ZERO
+            } else {
+                self.duration
+            },
             TargetSelection {
                 targets: &self.targets,
                 pacing: self.pacing,
                 stdin_controlled: false,
             },
         )
+        .await
     }
 
     pub fn is_continuous(&self) -> bool {
-        self.duration == Duration::ZERO
+        self.continuous || self.duration == Duration::ZERO
     }
 }
 

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/tui/run.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-use std::{collections::HashSet, future::poll_fn, io, time::Duration};
+use std::{future::poll_fn, io, time::Duration};
 
 use super::ui::{TuiConfig, TuiState, TuiStatus, TuiTerminal};
 use crate::{
     cmd::tui::args::TuiArgs,
     shared::client::{
-        session::{
-            drain_final_events, peer_close_run_error, request_managed_stop_for_peer_close,
-            request_managed_stop_once,
-        },
+        session::{drain_final_events, request_managed_stop_once},
         worker::ManagedWorker,
     },
 };
@@ -17,7 +14,10 @@ use crossterm::{
 };
 use futures_core::Stream;
 use irtt_client::{
-    managed::{ManagedClient, ManagedEndReason, ManagedEvent, TargetInstance},
+    managed::{
+        ManagedClient, ManagedCommandApplyError, ManagedCommandError, ManagedCompletionPolicy,
+        ManagedEndReason, ManagedEvent, ManagedTargetEndReason, ManagedTargetLifecycle,
+    },
     ClientEvent,
 };
 use ratatui::layout::Rect;
@@ -26,15 +26,18 @@ use tokio::{
     time::{sleep, Instant},
 };
 
+const RETRY_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(1500);
+
 const RENDER_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
 
 pub async fn run_tui(
     args: TuiArgs,
     mut shutdown: watch::Receiver<bool>,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let setup = args
-        .prepare()
-        .map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, err))?;
+    let setup = tokio::select! {
+        result = args.prepare() => result.map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, err))?,
+        _ = shutdown.wait_for(|requested| *requested) => return Ok(()),
+    };
     let continuous = args.is_continuous();
     if *shutdown.borrow() {
         return Ok(());
@@ -46,8 +49,12 @@ pub async fn run_tui(
     );
     state.set_status(TuiStatus::Opening);
     terminal.draw(&state)?;
-    let (task, handle) = match ManagedClient::task(setup.managed_config(), setup.managed_targets())
-    {
+    let desired_targets = setup.managed_targets();
+    let mut config = setup.managed_config();
+    if continuous {
+        config.completion = ManagedCompletionPolicy::ExplicitStop;
+    }
+    let (task, handle) = match ManagedClient::task(config, desired_targets.clone()) {
         Ok(value) => value,
         Err(error) => {
             state.set_error(error.to_string());
@@ -75,7 +82,10 @@ pub async fn run_tui(
     tokio::pin!(render);
     let mut interrupted = false;
     let mut stop_requested = false;
-    let mut terminal_targets = HashSet::new();
+    let retry = sleep(RETRY_DELAY);
+    tokio::pin!(retry);
+    let mut retry_armed = false;
+    let mut update_receipt = None;
     let mut dropped_events = 0_u64;
     let mut events_closed = false;
     let mut status_closed = false;
@@ -92,18 +102,12 @@ pub async fn run_tui(
             }
             changed = status.changed(), if !status_closed => {
                 status_closed = changed.is_err();
-                let snapshot = status.borrow_and_update().clone();
-                if request_managed_stop_for_peer_close(
-                    continuous, interrupted, snapshot.peer_closed_target_outcomes,
-                    &mut stop_requested,
-                ) {
-                    drop(handle.stop());
-                }
+                state.process_managed_status(&status.borrow_and_update());
                 force_render = true;
             }
             event = events.recv(), if !events_closed => match event {
                 Ok(event) => force_render = process_tui_event(
-                    event, &mut state, &mut terminal_targets,
+                    event, &mut state,
                 ),
                 Err(RecvError::Lagged(count)) => {
                     dropped_events = dropped_events.saturating_add(count);
@@ -138,11 +142,55 @@ pub async fn run_tui(
                     _ => {}
                 }
             }
+            _ = &mut retry, if retry_armed && !interrupted && !*shutdown.borrow() => {
+                state.process_managed_status(&status.borrow());
+                retry_armed = false;
+                update_receipt = match handle.update_targets(desired_targets.clone()) {
+                    Ok(receipt) => Some(receipt),
+                    Err(ManagedCommandError::Stopping | ManagedCommandError::DriverClosed)
+                        if stop_requested || *shutdown.borrow() => None,
+                    Err(error) => return Err(format!("reconnect update failed: {error}").into()),
+                };
+            }
+            result = async { update_receipt.as_mut().unwrap().await },
+                if update_receipt.is_some() => {
+                update_receipt = None;
+                match result {
+                    Ok(ack) => {
+                        state.process_managed_status(&ack.status);
+                        force_render = true;
+                    }
+                    Err(ManagedCommandApplyError::Stopping
+                        | ManagedCommandApplyError::AcknowledgementDisconnected)
+                        if stop_requested || *shutdown.borrow() => {}
+                    Err(error) => return Err(format!("reconnect update failed: {error}").into()),
+                }
+            }
             _ = &mut render, if !state.paused => force_render = true,
         }
         if interrupted && request_managed_stop_once(&mut stop_requested) {
             drop(handle.stop());
         }
+        if continuous
+            && !interrupted
+            && !stop_requested
+            && !retry_armed
+            && update_receipt.is_none()
+            && status.borrow().targets.iter().any(|target| {
+                target.desired
+                    && target.outcome.as_ref().is_some_and(|outcome| {
+                        matches!(
+                            outcome.end_reason,
+                            ManagedTargetEndReason::Failed(_)
+                                | ManagedTargetEndReason::PeerClosed
+                                | ManagedTargetEndReason::TestComplete
+                        )
+                    })
+            })
+        {
+            retry.as_mut().reset(Instant::now() + RETRY_DELAY);
+            retry_armed = true;
+        }
         if force_render {
             terminal.draw(&state)?;
             // Schedule from the completed draw, never catch up missed frames.
@@ -160,29 +208,25 @@ pub async fn run_tui(
         }
     };
     drain_final_events(&mut events, &mut dropped_events, |event| {
-        process_tui_event(event, &mut state, &mut terminal_targets);
+        process_tui_event(event, &mut state);
         Ok::<(), std::convert::Infallible>(())
     })?;
     state.mark_dropped_managed_events(dropped_events);
-    if outcome.discarded_target_outcomes != 0 {
+    if !continuous && outcome.discarded_target_outcomes != 0 {
         state.set_run_error(format!(
             "{} final target outcomes were discarded",
             outcome.discarded_target_outcomes
         ));
     }
     for target in outcome.recent_target_outcomes.iter() {
-        if terminal_targets.insert(target.target.clone()) {
         state.process_target_outcome(target);
     }
-    }
     interrupted |= *shutdown.borrow();
     let error = match &outcome.end_reason {
         ManagedEndReason::DriverFailed(failure) => {
             Some(format!("managed driver failed: {failure}"))
         }
-        _ => peer_close_run_error(continuous, interrupted, outcome.peer_closed_target_outcomes)
-            .or_else(|| {
-                (!interrupted
+        _ => (!interrupted
             && outcome.successful_target_outcomes == 0
             && outcome.failed_target_outcomes > 0)
             .then(|| {
@@ -190,7 +234,6 @@ pub async fn run_tui(
                     "no managed target completed successfully ({} failed)",
                     outcome.failed_target_outcomes
                 )
-                    })
             }),
     };
     if let Some(error) = error {
@@ -203,11 +246,7 @@ pub async fn run_tui(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn process_tui_event(
-    event: ManagedEvent,
-    state: &mut TuiState,
-    terminal_targets: &mut HashSet<TargetInstance>,
-) -> bool {
+fn process_tui_event(event: ManagedEvent, state: &mut TuiState) -> bool {
     match event {
         ManagedEvent::Client { target, event } => {
             let force_render = matches!(
@@ -221,10 +260,19 @@ fn process_tui_event(
             force_render
         }
         ManagedEvent::TargetFinished { outcome } => {
-            terminal_targets.insert(outcome.target.clone());
             state.process_target_outcome(&outcome);
             true
         }
+        ManagedEvent::TargetStateChanged {
+            target,
+            lifecycle:
+                ManagedTargetLifecycle::Pending
+                | ManagedTargetLifecycle::Connecting
+                | ManagedTargetLifecycle::Opening,
+        } => {
+            state.process_target_opening(&target);
+            true
+        }
         _ => false,
     }
 }

crates/irtt-app/src/cmd/tui/ui.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ use crossterm::{
     execute,
     terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
 };
-use irtt_client::managed::{ManagedTargetEndReason, ManagedTargetOutcome, TargetInstance};
+use irtt_client::managed::{
+    ManagedStatus, ManagedTargetEndReason, ManagedTargetLifecycle, ManagedTargetOutcome,
+    TargetInstance,
+};
 use irtt_client::{
     ClientEvent, ClientTimestamp, NegotiationResult, OneWayDelaySample, RttSample, SignedDuration,
 };
@@ -22,7 +25,10 @@ use ratatui::{
     style::{Color, Modifier, Style},
     symbols,
     text::{Line, Span, Text},
-    widgets::{Axis, Block, Chart, Dataset, GraphType, Paragraph, Row, Table, Wrap},
+    widgets::{
+        canvas::{Canvas, Line as CanvasLine, Painter, Shape},
+        Axis, Block, Chart, Paragraph, Row, Table, Wrap,
+    },
     Frame, Terminal,
 };
 
@@ -37,7 +43,7 @@ use crate::{
     shared::client::{expected_probe_count, GroupPacingArg, ManagedRunSetup},
 };
 
-const HISTORY_LIMIT: usize = 100_000;
+const HISTORY_LIMIT: usize = 500_000;
 const RECENT_EVENT_LIMIT: usize = 80;
 const MIN_WIDTH: u16 = 56;
 const MIN_HEIGHT: u16 = 18;
@@ -183,13 +189,91 @@ impl TuiState {
 
     pub(super) fn process_target_event(&mut self, target: &TargetInstance, event: &ClientEvent) {
         let idx = self.ensure_target(target.id.as_str());
+        if !self.accept_generation(idx, target.generation) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if self.targets[idx].terminal_generation == Some(target.generation) {
+            self.targets[idx].process_session_metadata(event);
+            if matches!(
+                event,
+                ClientEvent::SessionStarted(_)
+                    | ClientEvent::NoTestCompleted(_)
+                    | ClientEvent::SessionClosed { .. }
+            ) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
         self.process_event_for_target(idx, event);
     }
 
+    fn accept_generation(&mut self, idx: usize, generation: u64) -> bool {
+        let target = &mut self.targets[idx];
+        if target
+            .generation
+            .is_some_and(|current| current > generation)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if target.generation != Some(generation) {
+            target.generation = Some(generation);
+            target.stats = StatsCollector::new(stats_config(self.config.duration.is_none()));
+            target.session = None;
+            target.negotiated = None;
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn process_target_opening(&mut self, instance: &TargetInstance) {
+        let idx = self.ensure_target(instance.id.as_str());
+        let new_generation = self.targets[idx].generation != Some(instance.generation);
+        if self.accept_generation(idx, instance.generation) && new_generation {
+            self.targets[idx].status = TargetStatus::Opening;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn process_managed_status(&mut self, status: &ManagedStatus) {
+        // Consume durable endings before accepting replacement generations.
+        // Receipts retain this history even if a watch update was coalesced.
+        for outcome in status.recent_target_outcomes.iter().chain(
+            status
+                .targets
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|target| target.outcome.as_deref()),
+        ) {
+            self.process_target_outcome(outcome);
+        }
+        for target in status.targets.iter() {
+            if matches!(
+                target.lifecycle,
+                ManagedTargetLifecycle::Pending
+                    | ManagedTargetLifecycle::Connecting
+                    | ManagedTargetLifecycle::Opening
+            ) {
+                self.process_target_opening(&target.target);
+            } else {
+                let idx = self.ensure_target(target.target.id.as_str());
+                if self.accept_generation(idx, target.target.generation)
+                    && self.targets[idx].terminal_generation != Some(target.target.generation)
+                    && target.lifecycle == ManagedTargetLifecycle::Active
+                {
+                    self.targets[idx].status = TargetStatus::Active;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(super) fn process_target_outcome(&mut self, outcome: &ManagedTargetOutcome) {
         let label = outcome.target.id.as_str();
         let idx = self.ensure_target(label);
 
+        if self.targets[idx]
+            .terminal_generation
+            .is_some_and(|generation| generation >= outcome.target.generation)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        let current = self.accept_generation(idx, outcome.target.generation);
+        self.targets[idx].terminal_generation = Some(outcome.target.generation);
         let (status, recent, primary_warning) = match &outcome.end_reason {
             ManagedTargetEndReason::TestComplete => {
                 (TargetStatus::Closed, "test completed".to_owned(), None)
@@ -237,8 +321,10 @@ impl TuiState {
         };
 
         let target = &mut self.targets[idx];
+        if current {
             target.remote = outcome.remote.map(|remote| remote.to_string());
             target.status = status;
+        }
         if let Some(warning) = &warning {
             target.last_warning = Some(warning.clone());
         }
@@ -250,7 +336,8 @@ impl TuiState {
             self.push_event(format!("{label}: {cleanup_warning}"));
         }
 
-        if self
+        if self.config.duration.is_some()
+            && self
                 .targets
                 .iter()
                 .all(|target| target.status.is_terminal())
@@ -318,7 +405,8 @@ impl TuiState {
                     server_timing,
                     ..
                 } => {
-                    target.push_graph_sample(GraphSample {
+                    target.push_graph_sample(LatestSample {
+                        generation: target.generation.expect("client event has a generation"),
                         timestamp: *received_at,
                         seq: *seq,
                         rtt: *rtt,
@@ -364,10 +452,11 @@ impl TuiState {
         };
         if let Some(status) = global_status {
             self.status = if status == TuiStatus::Complete
-                && !self
+                && (self.config.duration.is_none()
+                    || !self
                         .targets
                         .iter()
-                    .all(|target| target.status.is_terminal())
+                        .all(|target| target.status.is_terminal()))
             {
                 TuiStatus::Running
             } else {
@@ -519,12 +608,14 @@ impl TuiState {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct TuiTargetState {
     label: String,
+    generation: Option<u64>,
+    terminal_generation: Option<u64>,
     remote: Option<String>,
     session: Option<String>,
     status: TargetStatus,
     negotiated: Option<NegotiationResult>,
     graph_history: VecDeque<GraphSample>,
-    last_sample: Option<GraphSample>,
+    last_sample: Option<LatestSample>,
     last_warning: Option<String>,
     stats: StatsCollector,
 }
@@ -533,6 +624,8 @@ impl TuiTargetState {
     fn new(label: String, stats_config: irtt_stats::StatsConfig) -> Self {
         Self {
             label,
+            generation: None,
+            terminal_generation: None,
             remote: None,
             session: None,
             status: TargetStatus::Opening,
@@ -544,9 +637,39 @@ impl TuiTargetState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn push_graph_sample(&mut self, sample: GraphSample) {
+    fn process_session_metadata(&mut self, event: &ClientEvent) {
+        match event {
+            ClientEvent::SessionStarted(started) => {
+                self.remote = Some(started.remote.to_string());
+                self.session = Some(format!("{:#x}", started.token));
+                self.negotiated = Some(started.negotiation.clone());
+            }
+            ClientEvent::NoTestCompleted(completed) => {
+                self.remote = Some(completed.remote.to_string());
+                self.negotiated = Some(completed.negotiation.clone());
+            }
+            ClientEvent::SessionClosed { remote, token, .. } => {
+                self.remote = Some(remote.to_string());
+                self.session = Some(format!("{token:#x}"));
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn push_graph_sample(&mut self, sample: LatestSample) {
+        let history = GraphSample {
+            timestamp: sample.timestamp,
+            values_ms: GraphMetric::ALL.map(|metric| {
+                metric
+                    .value_ns(&sample)
+                    .map_or(f64::NAN, |ns| ns as f64 / 1_000_000.0)
+            }),
+            break_before: self
+                .last_sample
+                .is_none_or(|last| last.generation != sample.generation),
+        };
         self.last_sample = Some(sample);
-        push_bounded(&mut self.graph_history, sample, HISTORY_LIMIT);
+        push_bounded(&mut self.graph_history, history, HISTORY_LIMIT);
     }
 }
 
@@ -814,7 +937,8 @@ enum GraphMetric {
 }
 
 impl GraphMetric {
-    const ALL: &[Self] = &[
+    // Enum order also indexes the retained graph values.
+    const ALL: [Self; 6] = [
         Self::EffectiveRtt,
         Self::RawRtt,
         Self::AdjustedRtt,
@@ -854,7 +978,7 @@ impl GraphMetric {
         }
     }
 
-    fn value_ns(self, sample: &GraphSample) -> Option<i128> {
+    fn value_ns(self, sample: &LatestSample) -> Option<i128> {
         match self {
             Self::EffectiveRtt => Some(sample.rtt.effective.as_nanos()),
             Self::RawRtt => Some(SignedDuration::from(sample.rtt.raw).as_nanos()),
@@ -884,8 +1008,26 @@ impl GraphMetric {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+// Retained values use the same nanoseconds-to-f64 milliseconds conversion as
+// the chart. NaN means absent and never reaches the canvas as a finite point.
+// Keep both clocks: geometry is monotonic, while labels use local wall time.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 struct GraphSample {
+    timestamp: ClientTimestamp,
+    values_ms: [f64; 6],
+    break_before: bool,
+}
+
+impl GraphSample {
+    fn value_ms(&self, metric: GraphMetric) -> Option<f64> {
+        let value = self.values_ms[metric as usize];
+        value.is_finite().then_some(value)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+struct LatestSample {
+    generation: u64,
     timestamp: ClientTimestamp,
     seq: u32,
     rtt: RttSample,
@@ -1235,23 +1377,58 @@ fn render_graph_area(frame: &mut Frame<'_>, area: Rect, state: &TuiState) {
         return;
     }
     let (min_y, max_y) = chart_y_bounds(&series, metric.axis_kind());
+    let x_labels = viewport_x_axis_labels(state, viewport, area.width);
+    let y_labels = y_axis_labels(min_y, max_y, y_axis_label_count(area.height));
+    let inner = block.inner(area);
+    // This chart has labels on both axes, no axis titles and no legend.
+    // Match the pinned Chart's label gutter and its two bottom axis rows.
+    let gutter = y_labels
+        .iter()
+        .map(Span::width)
+        .max()
+        .unwrap_or(0)
+        .max(
+            x_labels
+                .first()
+                .map_or(0, |label| label.width().saturating_sub(1)),
+        )
+        .min(usize::from(inner.width / 3)) as u16
+        + 1;
+    let plot = Rect::new(
+        inner.x + gutter,
+        inner.y,
+        inner.width.saturating_sub(gutter),
+        inner.height.saturating_sub(2),
+    );
     frame.render_widget(
-        Chart::new(chart_datasets(&series))
+        Chart::new(vec![])
             .block(block)
             .x_axis(
                 Axis::default()
                     .bounds(viewport_x_bounds(viewport))
-                    .labels(viewport_x_axis_labels(state, viewport, area.width))
+                    .labels(x_labels)
                     .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray)),
             )
             .y_axis(
                 Axis::default()
                     .bounds([min_y, max_y])
-                    .labels(y_axis_labels(min_y, max_y, y_axis_label_count(area.height)))
+                    .labels(y_labels)
                     .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray)),
             ),
         area,
     );
+    frame.render_widget(
+        Canvas::default()
+            .marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
+            .x_bounds(viewport_x_bounds(viewport))
+            .y_bounds([min_y, max_y])
+            .paint(|ctx| {
+                for target in &series {
+                    ctx.draw(target);
+                }
+            }),
+        plot,
+    );
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
@@ -1278,22 +1455,30 @@ fn target_metric_series(
     let first = target
         .graph_history
         .partition_point(|sample| sample.timestamp.mono < viewport.start);
-    let mut previous = target
-        .graph_history
-        .range(..first)
-        .rev()
-        .find_map(|sample| {
-            metric
-                .value_ns(sample)
-                .map(|ns| (sample.timestamp.mono, ns as f64 / 1_000_000.0))
-        });
-    let points = target.graph_history.range(first..).filter_map(|sample| {
-        metric
-            .value_ns(sample)
-            .map(|ns| (sample.timestamp.mono, ns as f64 / 1_000_000.0))
-    });
+    let mut previous = None;
+    for sample in target.graph_history.range(..first).rev() {
+        if let Some(value) = sample.value_ms(metric) {
+            previous = Some((sample.timestamp.mono, value));
+            break;
+        }
+        if sample.break_before {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
     let mut data = Vec::new();
-    for point in points {
+    for sample in target.graph_history.range(first..) {
+        // Consume boundaries even when this metric is absent in the first
+        // replies of a new session; filtering them out would bridge an outage.
+        if sample.break_before {
+            if !data.is_empty() && data.last().is_some_and(|(x, _): &(f64, f64)| x.is_finite()) {
+                data.push((f64::NAN, f64::NAN));
+            }
+            previous = None;
+        }
+        let Some(value) = sample.value_ms(metric) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let point = (sample.timestamp.mono, value);
         if let Some(before) = previous {
             // Only genuine crossing segments contribute boundary points. In
             // particular, never extend the latest sample to the live edge.
@@ -1318,6 +1503,10 @@ fn target_metric_series(
         }
         previous = Some(point);
     }
+    // A boundary beyond the viewport needs no trailing break.
+    if data.last().is_some_and(|(x, _)| !x.is_finite()) {
+        data.pop();
+    }
     (!data.is_empty()).then_some(ChartSeries {
         style: target_style(target_idx),
         data,
@@ -1333,17 +1522,32 @@ fn interpolate_graph_value(a: (Instant, f64), b: (Instant, f64), at: Instant) ->
     a.1 + (b.1 - a.1) * (part / whole)
 }
 
-fn chart_datasets(series: &[ChartSeries]) -> Vec<Dataset<'_>> {
-    series
-        .iter()
-        .map(|series| {
-            Dataset::default()
-                .marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
-                .graph_type(GraphType::Line)
-                .style(series.style)
-                .data(&series.data)
-        })
-        .collect()
+// Ratatui 0.30.2 casts NaN coordinates to grid positions. Filter breaks
+// ourselves so one canvas shape and one backing buffer suffice per target.
+impl Shape for ChartSeries {
+    fn draw(&self, painter: &mut Painter) {
+        let color = self.style.fg.unwrap_or(Color::Reset);
+        for &(x, y) in &self.data {
+            if x.is_finite() && y.is_finite() {
+                if let Some((x, y)) = painter.get_point(x, y) {
+                    painter.paint(x, y, color);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for pair in self.data.windows(2) {
+            let [(x1, y1), (x2, y2)] = [pair[0], pair[1]];
+            if [x1, y1, x2, y2].iter().all(|value| value.is_finite()) {
+                CanvasLine {
+                    x1,
+                    y1,
+                    x2,
+                    y2,
+                    color,
+                }
+                .draw(painter);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn target_style(idx: usize) -> Style {
@@ -1365,11 +1569,11 @@ fn chart_y_bounds(series: &[ChartSeries], axis_kind: ChartAxisKind) -> (f64, f64
         series
             .data
             .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, value)| value.is_finite())
             .map(|(_, value)| match axis_kind {
                 ChartAxisKind::NonNegative => (*value).max(0.0),
                 ChartAxisKind::Signed => *value,
             })
-            .filter(|value| value.is_finite())
     });
     let Some(first) = values.next() else {
         return default_y_bounds(axis_kind);
@@ -1692,3 +1896,293 @@ fn format_optional_hex(value: Option<u64>) -> String {
         .map(|value| format!("0x{value:x}"))
         .unwrap_or_else(|| ABSENT.to_owned())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn durable_failure_and_replacement_reset_stats_without_client_events() {
+        use irtt_client::managed::{
+            ManagedClient, ManagedClientConfig, ManagedCompletionPolicy, ManagedTargetConfig,
+        };
+
+        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+            .enable_all()
+            .build()
+            .unwrap();
+        runtime.block_on(async {
+            let desired = vec![ManagedTargetConfig::new("monitor", "127.0.0.1:99999")];
+            let (task, handle) = ManagedClient::task(
+                ManagedClientConfig {
+                    completion: ManagedCompletionPolicy::ExplicitStop,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                desired.clone(),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            let mut status = handle.subscribe_status();
+            let instance = status.borrow().targets[0].target.clone();
+            let mut state = TuiState::with_target_labels(
+                TuiConfig {
+                    interval: Duration::from_secs(1),
+                    duration: None,
+                    timeout: Duration::from_secs(4),
+                    target_probes: None,
+                    pacing: GroupPacingArg::Staggered,
+                },
+                ["monitor".to_owned()],
+            );
+            state.process_target_event(
+                &instance,
+                &ClientEvent::EchoSent {
+                    seq: 42,
+                    remote: "127.0.0.1:2112".parse().unwrap(),
+                    scheduled_at: None,
+                    sent_at: ClientTimestamp::now(),
+                    bytes: 60,
+                    send_call: Duration::ZERO,
+                    timer_error: None,
+                },
+            );
+            assert_eq!(state.targets[0].stats.snapshot().packets.packets_sent, 1);
+            let run = tokio::spawn(task);
+            tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), async {
+                loop {
+                    status.changed().await.unwrap();
+                    if status.borrow().targets[0].outcome.is_some() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                // Never consume broadcast events: status owns the failure evidence.
+                let snapshot = status.borrow_and_update().clone();
+                let outcome = snapshot.targets[0].outcome.as_ref().unwrap();
+                state.process_managed_status(&snapshot);
+                assert_eq!(state.targets[0].status, TargetStatus::Failed);
+                assert!(state.targets[0].last_warning.is_some());
+                let negotiation = NegotiationResult {
+                    accepted: irtt_client::AcceptedSessionParameters {
+                        duration: None,
+                        interval: Duration::from_secs(1),
+                        length: 60,
+                        received_stats: irtt_proto::ReceivedStats::Both,
+                        stamp_at: irtt_proto::StampAt::Both,
+                        clock: irtt_proto::Clock::Both,
+                        dscp: 0,
+                        server_fill: None,
+                    },
+                    peer_params: irtt_proto::Params::default(),
+                    changes: vec![],
+                };
+                let remote = "127.0.0.1:2112".parse().unwrap();
+                let global_status = state.status;
+                for event in [
+                    ClientEvent::SessionStarted(irtt_client::SessionStarted {
+                        remote,
+                        token: 123,
+                        negotiation: negotiation.clone(),
+                        at: ClientTimestamp::now(),
+                    }),
+                    ClientEvent::NoTestCompleted(irtt_client::NoTestCompleted {
+                        remote,
+                        negotiation: negotiation.clone(),
+                        at: ClientTimestamp::now(),
+                    }),
+                    ClientEvent::SessionClosed {
+                        remote,
+                        token: 123,
+                        at: ClientTimestamp::now(),
+                    },
+                ] {
+                    state.process_target_event(&instance, &event);
+                    assert_eq!(state.targets[0].remote.as_deref(), Some("127.0.0.1:2112"));
+                    assert_eq!(state.targets[0].session.as_deref(), Some("0x7b"));
+                    assert_eq!(state.targets[0].negotiated.as_ref(), Some(&negotiation));
+                    assert_eq!(state.targets[0].status, TargetStatus::Failed);
+                    assert_eq!(state.status, global_status);
+                    assert_eq!(state.targets[0].stats.snapshot().packets.packets_sent, 1);
+                }
+                let event_count = state.recent_events.len();
+                state.process_target_outcome(outcome);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    state.recent_events.len(),
+                    event_count,
+                    "no duplicate ending"
+                );
+
+                let ack = handle.update_targets(desired).unwrap().await.unwrap();
+                // Opening events may arrive before their update receipt.
+                let mut late_state =
+                    TuiState::with_target_labels(state.config.clone(), ["monitor".to_owned()]);
+                late_state.process_target_opening(&ack.status.targets[0].target);
+                late_state.process_managed_status(&ack.status);
+                assert_eq!(late_state.targets[0].status, TargetStatus::Opening);
+                assert!(late_state.targets[0].last_warning.is_some());
+
+                state.process_managed_status(&ack.status);
+                assert_eq!(state.targets[0].status, TargetStatus::Opening);
+                assert_eq!(state.targets[0].stats.snapshot().packets.packets_sent, 0);
+                assert!(
+                    state.targets[0].last_warning.is_some(),
+                    "failure evidence survives reprovisioning"
+                );
+                loop {
+                    status.changed().await.unwrap();
+                    if status.borrow().targets[0].outcome.is_some() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                state.process_managed_status(&status.borrow_and_update());
+                assert_eq!(state.targets[0].status, TargetStatus::Failed);
+                assert_eq!(state.targets[0].stats.snapshot().packets.packets_sent, 0);
+                // An older receipt must not revive a durably failed generation.
+                state.process_managed_status(&ack.status);
+                assert_eq!(state.targets[0].status, TargetStatus::Failed);
+                handle.stop().await;
+                run.await.unwrap();
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reconnect_history_clips_within_sessions_and_leaves_the_outage_empty() {
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let mut target = TuiTargetState::new("monitor".into(), stats_config(true));
+        for (generation, seconds) in [(0, 0), (0, 2), (1, 6), (1, 8)] {
+            let raw = Duration::from_millis(seconds + 1);
+            target.push_graph_sample(LatestSample {
+                generation,
+                timestamp: ClientTimestamp {
+                    mono: start + Duration::from_secs(seconds),
+                    wall: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(seconds),
+                },
+                seq: 0,
+                rtt: RttSample {
+                    raw,
+                    adjusted: (seconds != 6)
+                        .then_some(SignedDuration::from_nanos(-(raw.as_nanos() as i128))),
+                    effective: SignedDuration::from_nanos(raw.as_nanos() as i128),
+                },
+                one_way: None,
+                server_processing: None,
+            });
+        }
+        let series = |left, right| {
+            target_metric_series(
+                &target,
+                0,
+                GraphViewportRange {
+                    start: start + Duration::from_secs(left),
+                    end: start + Duration::from_secs(right),
+                    window: Duration::from_secs(right - left),
+                },
+                GraphMetric::RawRtt,
+            )
+        };
+        let clipped = series(1, 7).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(clipped.data.len(), 5);
+        assert_eq!(&clipped.data[..2], [(0.0, 2.0), (1.0, 3.0)]);
+        assert!(clipped.data[2].0.is_nan() && clipped.data[2].1.is_nan());
+        assert_eq!(&clipped.data[3..], [(5.0, 7.0), (6.0, 8.0)]);
+        // Check the pinned renderer: one guarded shape must render exactly
+        // like independent finite datasets, including their isolated points.
+        use ratatui::{
+            buffer::Buffer,
+            widgets::{Dataset, GraphType, Widget},
+        };
+        let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 50, 20);
+        let mut actual = Buffer::empty(area);
+        Canvas::default()
+            .marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
+            .x_bounds([0.0, 6.0])
+            .y_bounds([0.0, 10.0])
+            .paint(|ctx| ctx.draw(&clipped))
+            .render(area, &mut actual);
+        let datasets = [&clipped.data[..2], &clipped.data[3..]].map(|data| {
+            Dataset::default()
+                .marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
+                .graph_type(GraphType::Line)
+                .style(clipped.style)
+                .data(data)
+        });
+        let mut expected = Buffer::empty(area);
+        Chart::new(datasets.to_vec())
+            .x_axis(Axis::default().bounds([0.0, 6.0]))
+            .y_axis(Axis::default().bounds([0.0, 10.0]))
+            .render(area, &mut expected);
+        assert_eq!(
+            actual, expected,
+            "no bogus pixels or lines through NaN breaks"
+        );
+        let finite = ChartSeries {
+            style: clipped.style,
+            data: clipped
+                .data
+                .iter()
+                .copied()
+                .filter(|(x, _)| x.is_finite())
+                .collect(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            chart_y_bounds(std::slice::from_ref(&clipped), ChartAxisKind::NonNegative),
+            chart_y_bounds(&[finite], ChartAxisKind::NonNegative)
+        );
+        assert!(series(3, 5).is_none(), "no interpolation across sessions");
+        assert!(series(9, 10).is_none(), "no extrapolation to the live edge");
+        let adjusted = |left, right| {
+            target_metric_series(
+                &target,
+                0,
+                GraphViewportRange {
+                    start: start + Duration::from_secs(left),
+                    end: start + Duration::from_secs(right),
+                    window: Duration::from_secs(right - left),
+                },
+                GraphMetric::AdjustedRtt,
+            )
+        };
+        let missing = adjusted(1, 9).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&missing.data[..2], [(0.0, -2.0), (1.0, -3.0)]);
+        assert!(missing.data[2].0.is_nan());
+        assert_eq!(&missing.data[3..], [(7.0, -9.0)]);
+        assert!(
+            adjusted(3, 7).is_none(),
+            "absent metric cannot bridge sessions"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            adjusted(7, 9).unwrap().data,
+            [(1.0, -9.0)],
+            "predecessor search stops at an absent boundary metric"
+        );
+        let template = target.last_sample.unwrap();
+        target.graph_history.clear();
+        for generation in 0..10_000 {
+            target.push_graph_sample(LatestSample {
+                generation,
+                timestamp: ClientTimestamp {
+                    mono: start + Duration::from_secs(generation),
+                    ..template.timestamp
+                },
+                ..template
+            });
+        }
+        let visible = target_metric_series(
+            &target,
+            0,
+            GraphViewportRange {
+                start: start + Duration::from_secs(9_994),
+                end: start + Duration::from_secs(9_999),
+                window: Duration::from_secs(5),
+            },
+            GraphMetric::RawRtt,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            visible.data.len(),
+            11,
+            "six visible generations in one buffer"
+        );
+    }
+}

crates/irtt-app/src/entry.rs

@@ -89,11 +89,10 @@ fn with_shutdown_flag(
 
 #[cfg(feature = "client")]
 fn run_client_applet(argv: Vec<OsString>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    use clap::Parser;
-
     let shutdown = crate::signal::install_async_signal_handler()
         .map_err(|err| format!("failed to install signal handler: {err}"))?;
-    let args = crate::cmd::client::ClientArgs::parse_from(argv);
+    let args =
+        crate::version::parse::<crate::cmd::client::ClientArgs>(argv, crate::version::client);
     tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
         .enable_all()
         .build()?
@@ -107,10 +106,9 @@ fn run_client_applet(_argv: Vec<OsString>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
 
 #[cfg(feature = "server")]
 fn run_server_applet(argv: Vec<OsString>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    use clap::Parser;
-
     with_shutdown_flag(|shutdown_requested| {
-        let args = crate::cmd::server::ServerArgs::parse_from(argv);
+        let args =
+            crate::version::parse::<crate::cmd::server::ServerArgs>(argv, crate::version::server);
         crate::cmd::server::run_server(args, shutdown_requested)
     })
 }
@@ -122,11 +120,9 @@ fn run_server_applet(_argv: Vec<OsString>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Err
 
 #[cfg(feature = "tui")]
 fn run_tui_applet(argv: Vec<OsString>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    use clap::Parser;
-
     let shutdown = crate::signal::install_async_signal_handler()
         .map_err(|err| format!("failed to install signal handler: {err}"))?;
-    let args = crate::cmd::tui::TuiArgs::parse_from(argv);
+    let args = crate::version::parse::<crate::cmd::tui::TuiArgs>(argv, crate::version::client);
     tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
         .enable_all()
         .build()?

crates/irtt-app/src/lib.rs

@@ -6,3 +6,5 @@ pub mod cmd;
 pub mod entry;
 pub mod shared;
 pub mod signal;
+
+mod version;

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/client/args.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{fmt, time::Duration};
+use std::{fmt, net::IpAddr, net::SocketAddr, time::Duration};
 
 use clap::ValueEnum;
 use irtt_client::{MAX_DSCP_CODEPOINT, MAX_SERVER_FILL_BYTES, MAX_TTL, MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD_LENGTH};
@@ -6,16 +6,33 @@ use irtt_proto::{Clock, ReceivedStats, StampAt};
 
 #[derive(Clone, clap::Args)]
 pub struct CommonClientArgs {
-    /// Probe interval.
-    #[arg(long, default_value = "1s", value_parser = parse_duration)]
+    /// Use IPv4 only.
+    #[arg(short = '4', long, conflicts_with_all = ["ipv6", "dual_stack"])]
+    pub ipv4: bool,
+
+    /// Use IPv6 only.
+    #[arg(short = '6', long, conflicts_with_all = ["ipv4", "dual_stack"])]
+    pub ipv6: bool,
+
+    /// Probe available IPv4 and IPv6 paths separately for each hostname.
+    #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["ipv4", "ipv6"], long_help = "Probe available IPv4 and IPv6 paths separately for each hostname. Labels gain /v4 or /v6; IP literals remain single targets. Families are discovered when a target is added; reconnects resolve the original hostname again within the chosen family.")]
+    pub dual_stack: bool,
+
+    /// Positive probe interval (e.g. 2.5s, 1m30s, 500us, 100ns, 1h).
+    #[arg(short = 'i', long, default_value = "1s", value_parser = parse_duration)]
     pub interval: Duration,
 
+    /// Comma-separated session-opening timeouts, one per attempt (each >= 200ms).
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "DURATIONS", value_delimiter = ',', value_parser = parse_duration, long_help = "Comma-separated session-opening receive timeouts, one per attempt (each at least 200ms), e.g. 1s,2s,4s,8s. Omit to use the library default retry schedule.")]
+    pub timeouts: Vec<Duration>,
+
     /// UDP payload length.
-    #[arg(long, default_value_t = 0, value_parser = parse_length)]
+    #[arg(short = 'l', long, default_value_t = 0, value_parser = parse_length)]
     pub length: u32,
 
-    /// HMAC key.
-    #[arg(long, value_parser = parse_hmac_key)]
+    // Decode during configuration preparation so Clap cannot echo rejected keys.
+    /// HMAC key: literal UTF-8 or lowercase 0x followed by hexadecimal bytes.
+    #[arg(long)]
     pub hmac: Option<String>,
 
     /// Clock mode to request.
@@ -58,6 +75,38 @@ pub struct CommonClientArgs {
     #[arg(long, value_name = "1..=255", value_parser = parse_ttl)]
     pub ttl: Option<u32>,
 
+    #[arg(
+        long = "bind-addr",
+        value_name = "IP[:PORT]",
+        value_parser = parse_bind_addr,
+        long_help = "Local IP address and optional UDP port to bind. \
+                     If no port is specified, the operating system selects \
+                     an ephemeral port. IPv6 addresses with an explicit \
+                     port must use [ADDR]:PORT syntax."
+    )]
+    pub bind_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
+
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "fuchsia", target_os = "linux"))]
+    #[arg(
+        long = "bind-device",
+        value_name = "DEVICE",
+        help = "Bind the socket to a network device"
+    )]
+    pub bind_to_device: Option<String>,
+
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "fuchsia", target_os = "linux"))]
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        value_name = "MARK",
+        value_parser = clap_num::maybe_hex::<u32>,
+        help = "Set the outgoing socket firewall mark"
+    )]
+    pub mark: Option<u32>,
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "FIB", help = "Set the socket routing table (FIB)")]
+    pub fib: Option<u32>,
+
     /// Accept safe server restrictions during negotiation.
     #[arg(long)]
     pub loose: bool,
@@ -65,8 +114,13 @@ pub struct CommonClientArgs {
 
 impl fmt::Debug for CommonClientArgs {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("CommonClientArgs")
+        let mut debug = f.debug_struct("CommonClientArgs");
+        debug
+            .field("ipv4", &self.ipv4)
+            .field("ipv6", &self.ipv6)
+            .field("dual_stack", &self.dual_stack)
             .field("interval", &self.interval)
+            .field("timeouts", &self.timeouts)
             .field("length", &self.length)
             .field("hmac", &self.hmac.as_ref().map(|_| "[REDACTED]"))
             .field("clock", &self.clock)
@@ -75,8 +129,14 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CommonClientArgs {
             .field("server_fill", &self.server_fill)
             .field("dscp", &self.dscp)
             .field("ttl", &self.ttl)
-            .field("loose", &self.loose)
-            .finish()
+            .field("bind_addr", &self.bind_addr);
+        #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "fuchsia", target_os = "linux"))]
+        debug
+            .field("bind_to_device", &self.bind_to_device)
+            .field("mark", &self.mark);
+        #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+        debug.field("fib", &self.fib);
+        debug.field("loose", &self.loose).finish()
     }
 }
 
@@ -137,63 +197,26 @@ impl From<ReceivedStatsArg> for ReceivedStats {
     }
 }
 
+fn parse_bind_addr(input: &str) -> Result<SocketAddr, String> {
+    input
+        .parse::<SocketAddr>()
+        .or_else(|_| input.parse::<IpAddr>().map(|ip| SocketAddr::new(ip, 0)))
+        .map_err(|_| "expected an IP address, optionally with a port".to_owned())
+}
+
 pub fn parse_duration(input: &str) -> Result<Duration, String> {
-    let (number, unit) = split_duration(input)?;
-    let value: u64 = number
-        .parse()
-        .map_err(|_| format!("invalid duration value {input:?}"))?;
-    if value == 0 {
+    let duration = parse_test_duration(input)?;
+    if duration.is_zero() {
         return Err("duration must be greater than zero".to_owned());
     }
-    match unit {
-        "ms" => Ok(Duration::from_millis(value)),
-        "s" => Ok(Duration::from_secs(value)),
-        "m" => value
-            .checked_mul(60)
-            .map(Duration::from_secs)
-            .ok_or_else(|| "duration is too large".to_owned()),
-        _ => Err(format!(
-            "unsupported duration unit {unit:?}; use ms, s, or m"
-        )),
-    }
+    Ok(duration)
 }
 
 pub fn parse_test_duration(input: &str) -> Result<Duration, String> {
     if input == "0" {
         return Ok(Duration::ZERO);
     }
-    let (number, unit) = split_duration(input)?;
-    let value: u64 = number
-        .parse()
-        .map_err(|_| format!("invalid duration value {input:?}"))?;
-    if value == 0 {
-        return Ok(Duration::ZERO);
-    }
-    match unit {
-        "ms" => Ok(Duration::from_millis(value)),
-        "s" => Ok(Duration::from_secs(value)),
-        "m" => value
-            .checked_mul(60)
-            .map(Duration::from_secs)
-            .ok_or_else(|| "duration is too large".to_owned()),
-        _ => Err(format!(
-            "unsupported duration unit {unit:?}; use ms, s, or m"
-        )),
-    }
-}
-
-fn split_duration(input: &str) -> Result<(&str, &str), String> {
-    let split = input
-        .find(|ch: char| !ch.is_ascii_digit())
-        .ok_or_else(|| "duration must include a unit: ms, s, or m".to_owned())?;
-    let (number, unit) = input.split_at(split);
-    if number.is_empty() || unit.is_empty() {
-        return Err("duration must include a positive value and unit".to_owned());
-    }
-    if number.starts_with('-') {
-        return Err("duration must be greater than zero".to_owned());
-    }
-    Ok((number, unit))
+    humantime::parse_duration(input).map_err(|error| error.to_string())
 }
 
 pub fn parse_length(input: &str) -> Result<u32, String> {
@@ -206,13 +229,6 @@ pub fn parse_length(input: &str) -> Result<u32, String> {
     Ok(length)
 }
 
-pub fn parse_hmac_key(input: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    if input.is_empty() {
-        return Err("HMAC key must not be empty".to_owned());
-    }
-    Ok(input.to_owned())
-}
-
 pub fn parse_server_fill(input: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
     if input.is_empty() {
         return Err("server fill must not be empty".to_owned());

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/client/config.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,42 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use irtt_client::{
-    Authentication, ClientConfig, HmacKey, NegotiationPolicy, OpenPolicy, SessionRequest,
-    SocketConfig,
+    AddressFamily, Authentication, ClientConfig, HmacKey, NegotiationPolicy, OpenPolicy,
+    SessionRequest, SocketConfig,
 };
 
 use super::args::CommonClientArgs;
 
 impl CommonClientArgs {
+    pub fn address_family(&self) -> AddressFamily {
+        if self.ipv4 {
+            AddressFamily::Ipv4
+        } else if self.ipv6 {
+            AddressFamily::Ipv6
+        } else {
+            AddressFamily::Any
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Build the shared client configuration template for a managed run.
     ///
     /// The config is endpoint-independent; managed targets own their addresses.
-    pub fn to_client_config(&self, duration: Duration) -> ClientConfig {
-        ClientConfig {
-            open: OpenPolicy {
+    pub fn to_client_config(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<ClientConfig, String> {
+        let mut open = OpenPolicy {
             negotiation: if self.loose {
                 NegotiationPolicy::Loose
             } else {
                 NegotiationPolicy::Strict
             },
             ..Default::default()
-            },
+        };
+        if !self.timeouts.is_empty() {
+            open.timeouts.clone_from(&self.timeouts);
+        }
+
+        Ok(ClientConfig {
+            address_family: self.address_family(),
+            open,
             request: SessionRequest {
                 duration: (!duration.is_zero()).then_some(duration),
                 interval: self.interval,
@@ -34,16 +50,24 @@ impl CommonClientArgs {
             },
             auth: self
                 .hmac
-                .as_ref()
+                .as_deref()
+                .map(crate::shared::decode_hmac_key)
+                .transpose()?
                 .map_or(Authentication::Unauthenticated, |key| {
-                    Authentication::Hmac(HmacKey::new(key.as_bytes()))
+                    Authentication::Hmac(HmacKey::new(key))
                 }),
             socket: SocketConfig {
+                bind_addr: self.bind_addr,
+                #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "fuchsia", target_os = "linux"))]
+                bind_to_device: self.bind_to_device.clone(),
+                #[cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "fuchsia", target_os = "linux"))]
+                mark: self.mark,
+                #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+                fib: self.fib,
                 ttl: self.ttl,
-                ..SocketConfig::default()
             },
             ..ClientConfig::default()
-        }
+        })
     }
 }
 

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/client/mod.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ pub use prepare::{
     STDIN_MAX_DESIRED_TARGETS, STDIN_MAX_LIVE_TARGET_GENERATIONS, STDIN_OUTCOME_HISTORY_LIMIT,
 };
 pub use targets::{
-    parse_stdin_target_set, parse_target, prepare_managed_targets, target_specs, GroupPacingArg,
-    PreparedTarget, TargetArg, TargetSpec,
+    parse_stdin_target_set, parse_target, target_specs, GroupPacingArg, PreparedTarget, TargetArg,
+    TargetPreparation, TargetSpec,
 };

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/client/prepare.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use irtt_client::{
 
 use super::{
     args::CommonClientArgs,
-    targets::{prepare_managed_targets, target_specs, GroupPacingArg, TargetArg},
+    targets::{target_specs, GroupPacingArg, TargetArg, TargetPreparation},
     PreparedTarget,
 };
 
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ pub struct ManagedRunSetup {
     pub pacing: ManagedPacing,
     /// Whether this stream may replace its desired set from stdin.
     pub stdin_controlled: bool,
+    /// Preparation policy and family selections for later stdin declarations.
+    pub preparation: TargetPreparation,
 }
 
 impl ManagedRunSetup {
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ impl ManagedRunSetup {
 ///
 /// Targets are validated before any configuration is built, so a bad target set
 /// fails before the caller can act on a half-prepared run.
-pub fn prepare_managed_run(
+pub async fn prepare_managed_run(
     common: &CommonClientArgs,
     duration: Duration,
     selection: TargetSelection<'_>,
@@ -113,11 +115,19 @@ pub fn prepare_managed_run(
     } else {
         target_specs(selection.targets)?
     };
-    let targets = prepare_managed_targets(specs)?;
+    let (targets, preparation) = TargetPreparation::new(common.address_family(), common.dual_stack)
+        .prepare(
+            specs,
+            selection
+                .stdin_controlled
+                .then_some(STDIN_MAX_DESIRED_TARGETS),
+        )
+        .await?;
     Ok(ManagedRunSetup {
         targets,
-        client: common.to_client_config(duration),
+        client: common.to_client_config(duration)?,
         pacing: selection.pacing.into(),
         stdin_controlled: selection.stdin_controlled,
+        preparation,
     })
 }

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/client/session.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")]
 use irtt_client::managed::{ManagedEvent, ManagedEventSubscription, ManagedEventTryRecvError};
 
+#[cfg(feature = "tui")]
 pub(crate) fn drain_final_events<E>(
     events: &mut ManagedEventSubscription,
     dropped_events: &mut u64,

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/client/targets.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-use std::{collections::HashSet, fmt};
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    fmt, io,
+    net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr},
+};
 
 use clap::ValueEnum;
 use irtt_client::{
     managed::{ManagedPacing, ManagedTargetConfig, TargetAuth, TargetId},
-    Authentication, HmacKey,
+    AddressFamily, Authentication, HmacKey,
 };
 
 /// One raw positional target captured by Clap.
@@ -63,6 +67,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for PreparedTarget {
         f.debug_struct("PreparedTarget")
             .field("label", &self.label)
             .field("server_addr", &self.managed.server_addr)
+            .field("address_family", &self.managed.address_family)
             .field("auth", &self.managed.auth)
             .finish()
     }
@@ -83,12 +88,13 @@ impl From<GroupPacingArg> for ManagedPacing {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum TargetParseError {
     EmptyLabel,
     EmptyAddress,
     InvalidEscape,
     EmptyTarget,
+    InvalidHmac(String),
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for TargetParseError {
@@ -98,6 +104,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for TargetParseError {
             Self::EmptyAddress => "target address must not be empty",
             Self::InvalidEscape => "invalid target escape sequence",
             Self::EmptyTarget => "target must not be empty",
+            Self::InvalidHmac(message) => message,
         };
         f.write_str(message)
     }
@@ -192,7 +199,10 @@ fn parse_target_syntax(
             let auth = if value.is_empty() {
                 TargetAuth::Override(Authentication::Unauthenticated)
             } else {
-                TargetAuth::Override(Authentication::Hmac(HmacKey::new(value.into_bytes())))
+                TargetAuth::Override(Authentication::Hmac(HmacKey::new(
+                    crate::shared::decode_hmac_key(&value)
+                        .map_err(TargetParseError::InvalidHmac)?,
+                )))
             };
             (&input[..index], auth)
         }
@@ -257,17 +267,146 @@ pub fn target_specs(targets: &[TargetArg]) -> Result<Vec<TargetSpec>, String> {
     target_specs_with_empty(targets, false)
 }
 
-pub fn prepare_managed_targets(specs: Vec<TargetSpec>) -> Result<Vec<PreparedTarget>, String> {
-    let mut targets = Vec::with_capacity(specs.len());
-    for spec in specs {
-        let mut managed = ManagedTargetConfig::new(TargetId::from(spec.label.clone()), spec.addr);
-        managed.auth = spec.auth;
-        targets.push(PreparedTarget {
-            label: spec.label,
-            managed,
-        });
+/// Family selections for the current desired declarations, never resolved IPs.
+/// Unchanged stdin declarations retain their selections; removed declarations
+/// are forgotten, so adding them again performs fresh discovery.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TargetPreparation {
+    family: AddressFamily,
+    dual_stack: bool,
+    discovered: HashMap<String, (String, [bool; 2])>,
 }
-    Ok(targets)
+
+impl TargetPreparation {
+    pub fn new(family: AddressFamily, dual_stack: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            family,
+            dual_stack,
+            discovered: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn prepare(
+        mut self,
+        specs: Vec<TargetSpec>,
+        maximum_targets: Option<usize>,
+    ) -> Result<(Vec<PreparedTarget>, Self), String> {
+        let mut targets = Vec::with_capacity(specs.len());
+        let mut discovered = HashMap::new();
+        let mut labels = HashSet::new();
+        for (index, spec) in specs.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            let families = if let Some(ip) = literal_ip(&spec.addr) {
+                match (self.family, ip) {
+                    (AddressFamily::Ipv4, IpAddr::V6(_)) => {
+                        return Err(format!(
+                            "target {}: IPv6 literal conflicts with --ipv4",
+                            index + 1
+                        ))
+                    }
+                    (AddressFamily::Ipv6, IpAddr::V4(_)) => {
+                        return Err(format!(
+                            "target {}: IPv4 literal conflicts with --ipv6",
+                            index + 1
+                        ))
+                    }
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            } else if self.dual_stack {
+                let families = match self.discovered.get(&spec.label) {
+                    Some((addr, families)) if *addr == spec.addr => *families,
+                    _ => {
+                        let endpoint = discovery_endpoint(&spec.addr)
+                            .map_err(|error| format!("target {}: {error}", index + 1))?;
+                        discovery_families(tokio::net::lookup_host(endpoint).await)
+                            .map_err(|error| format!("target {}: {error}", index + 1))?
+                    }
+                };
+                discovered.insert(spec.label.clone(), (spec.addr.clone(), families));
+                Some(families)
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+            for target in expand_target(spec, families) {
+                if !labels.insert(target.label.clone()) {
+                    return Err("duplicate target label after address-family expansion".to_owned());
+                }
+                targets.push(target);
+            }
+            if let Some(maximum) = maximum_targets.filter(|maximum| targets.len() > *maximum) {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "target set exceeds the {maximum}-target limit after address-family expansion"
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        self.discovered = discovered;
+        Ok((targets, self))
+    }
+}
+
+fn literal_ip(endpoint: &str) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+    endpoint
+        .parse::<SocketAddr>()
+        .map(|addr| addr.ip())
+        .ok()
+        .or_else(|| endpoint.parse().ok())
+        .or_else(|| {
+            if endpoint.starts_with('[') && endpoint.ends_with(']') {
+                format!("{endpoint}:2112")
+                    .parse::<SocketAddr>()
+                    .ok()
+                    .map(|addr| addr.ip())
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+}
+
+fn discovery_endpoint(endpoint: &str) -> Result<(&str, u16), String> {
+    match endpoint.rsplit_once(':') {
+        Some((host, port)) => {
+            let port = port.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid server port".to_owned())?;
+            if host.is_empty() || host.contains(':') || host.starts_with('[') {
+                return Err("invalid server endpoint".to_owned());
+            }
+            Ok((host, port))
+        }
+        None => Ok((endpoint, 2112)),
+    }
+}
+
+fn discovery_families(
+    result: io::Result<impl Iterator<Item = SocketAddr>>,
+) -> Result<[bool; 2], String> {
+    let mut families = [false; 2];
+    for addr in result.map_err(|_| "DNS lookup failed".to_owned())? {
+        families[usize::from(addr.is_ipv6())] = true;
+    }
+    if families == [false; 2] {
+        return Err("DNS lookup returned no usable addresses".to_owned());
+    }
+    Ok(families)
+}
+
+fn expand_target(spec: TargetSpec, families: Option<[bool; 2]>) -> Vec<PreparedTarget> {
+    let selections = match families {
+        None => vec![(spec.label, None)],
+        Some(families) => [("v4", AddressFamily::Ipv4), ("v6", AddressFamily::Ipv6)]
+            .into_iter()
+            .zip(families)
+            .filter(|(_, exists)| *exists)
+            .map(|((suffix, family), _)| (format!("{}/{suffix}", spec.label), Some(family)))
+            .collect(),
+    };
+    selections
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(label, family)| {
+            let mut managed =
+                ManagedTargetConfig::new(TargetId::from(label.clone()), spec.addr.clone());
+            managed.address_family = family;
+            managed.auth = spec.auth.clone();
+            PreparedTarget { label, managed }
+        })
+        .collect()
 }
 
 /// Parse one complete stdin target set after its line terminator was removed.
@@ -277,7 +416,7 @@ pub fn prepare_managed_targets(specs: Vec<TargetSpec>) -> Result<Vec<PreparedTar
 pub fn parse_stdin_target_set(
     record: &str,
     maximum_targets: usize,
-) -> Result<Vec<PreparedTarget>, String> {
+) -> Result<Vec<TargetSpec>, String> {
     if record == "[]" {
         return Ok(Vec::new());
     }
@@ -288,5 +427,5 @@ pub fn parse_stdin_target_set(
         ));
     }
     let args = elements.into_iter().map(TargetArg::new).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    prepare_managed_targets(target_specs_with_empty(&args, true)?)
+    target_specs_with_empty(&args, true)
 }

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/hmac.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/// Decode CLI key syntax without ever including key material in diagnostics.
+pub(crate) fn decode_hmac_key(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let key = match input.strip_prefix("0x") {
+        Some(hex) => hex::decode(hex).map_err(|_| {
+            "HMAC hexadecimal key must contain an even number of valid hexadecimal digits"
+                .to_owned()
+        })?,
+        None => input.as_bytes().to_vec(),
+    };
+    if key.is_empty() {
+        return Err("HMAC key must not be empty".to_owned());
+    }
+    Ok(key)
+}

crates/irtt-app/src/shared/mod.rs

@@ -1,2 +1,7 @@
 #[cfg(any(feature = "client", feature = "tui"))]
 pub mod client;
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "client", feature = "tui", feature = "server"))]
+mod hmac;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "client", feature = "tui", feature = "server"))]
+pub(crate) use hmac::decode_hmac_key;

crates/irtt-app/src/version.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#[cfg(any(feature = "client", feature = "tui", feature = "server"))]
+use std::ffi::OsString;
+
+pub(crate) fn app() -> String {
+    clap::Command::new("irtt-rs")
+        .version(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
+        .render_version()
+}
+
+// Preserve Clap's version banner and append the compiled component versions.
+#[cfg(any(feature = "client", feature = "tui", feature = "server"))]
+pub(crate) fn parse<T: clap::Parser>(argv: Vec<OsString>, report: fn() -> String) -> T {
+    match T::try_parse_from(argv) {
+        Ok(args) => args,
+        Err(err) if err.kind() == clap::error::ErrorKind::DisplayVersion => {
+            print!("{}{}", err.render().ansi(), report());
+            std::process::exit(0)
+        }
+        Err(err) => err.exit(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "client", feature = "tui"))]
+pub(crate) fn client() -> String {
+    #[cfg(feature = "stats")]
+    let stats = format!("  stats:  {}\n", irtt_stats::VERSION);
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "stats"))]
+    let stats = "  stats: disabled\n";
+    format!(
+        "  client: {}\n{}  proto:  {}\n",
+        irtt_client::VERSION,
+        stats,
+        irtt_proto::VERSION,
+    )
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "server")]
+pub(crate) fn server() -> String {
+    format!(
+        "  server: {}\n  proto:  {}\n",
+        irtt_server::VERSION,
+        irtt_proto::VERSION,
+    )
+}

crates/irtt-client/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "irtt-client"
-version = "0.5.3"
+version = "0.7.0"
 description = "IRTT-compatible Rust client library"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 rust-version.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-homepage.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = ["irtt", "networking", "latency", "rtt"]
 categories = ["network-programming"]
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ categories = ["network-programming"]
 irtt-proto.workspace = true
 socket2 = { version = "0.6.5", features = ["all"] }
 thiserror = "2.0.21"
-tokio = { version = "1.53.2", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "net", "time", "sync"], optional = true}
+tokio = { version = "1.54.1", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "net", "time", "sync"], optional = true}
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
 nix = { version = "0.31.3", default-features = false, features = ["net", "uio"], optional = true }

crates/irtt-client/README.md

@@ -35,6 +35,21 @@ Use `ClientEvent::from(receipt)` for an `EchoSent` event with `scheduled_at` and
 `timer_error` absent; the managed driver supplies those schedule measurements
 and publishes committed sends even when post-send processing fails.
 
+Managed continuous measurement runs can opt into automatic recovery with
+`ManagedClientConfig.reconnect_timeout: Some(timeout)`. Initial connection
+failures, closed/failed sessions, server-limited completion, and reply silence
+while sending trigger independent per-target retries. `reconnect_initial_delay`
+(default 250 ms) doubles to `reconnect_max_delay` (default 10 s); a valid reply
+resets the delay. Both delays must be positive and schedulable, with the maximum
+at least twice the initial delay. Explicit stop and target removal cancel retries.
+Recovery is disabled by default and is invalid for finite or negotiation-only runs.
+
+In 0.7, complete `ManagedClientConfig` literals must include the three recovery
+fields (or use `..Default::default()`), and exhaustive `ManagedConfigError`
+matches must handle the new recovery-policy variants. A target can emit repeated
+session-start events within one instance; reset session-bound state, including
+statistics, for each reopened session. Use `irtt-stats` 0.6 with client 0.7 events.
+
 Tokio stays optional: the default build has no runtime and no Tokio
 dependency at all.
 
@@ -59,9 +74,17 @@ Configuration is grouped by ownership:
   probe tracking policy.
 
 Clone one config to connect to multiple endpoints. Managed targets retain their
-own ID, endpoint, and authentication inheritance/override; shared
+own ID, endpoint, address-family override, and authentication inheritance/override; shared
 `ManagedClientConfig.client` is reusable without endpoint mutation.
 
+`ManagedTargetConfig.address_family` defaults to `None`, inheriting the shared
+family policy. `Some(AddressFamily::Ipv4)`, `Some(AddressFamily::Ipv6)`, or
+`Some(AddressFamily::Any)` overrides it for that target. Every new generation
+resolves the original endpoint again; callers can constrain a hostname without
+replacing it with a resolved IP. Changing the family specification replaces
+that target's generation, including switching between inheritance and an equal
+explicit override. Hostname expansion and discovery are frontend policies.
+
 Blocking receive policy belongs to `Client`:
 `client.set_recv_timeout(Some(duration))?` sets it before or after opening,
 and `client.set_recv_timeout(None)?` restores the default indefinite wait.

crates/irtt-client/src/async_client.rs

@@ -93,8 +93,6 @@ pub(crate) struct AsyncOpenState {
     deadline: Option<Instant>,
     deadline_timer: Option<Pin<Box<time::Sleep>>>,
     request_submitted: bool,
-    stop_after_current_attempt: bool,
-    stopped_after_current_attempt: bool,
     buffer: [u8; MAX_OPEN_PACKET_SIZE],
     cleanup: Option<AsyncOpenCleanup>,
 }
@@ -106,8 +104,6 @@ impl AsyncOpenState {
             deadline: None,
             deadline_timer: None,
             request_submitted: false,
-            stop_after_current_attempt: false,
-            stopped_after_current_attempt: false,
             buffer: [0_u8; MAX_OPEN_PACKET_SIZE],
             cleanup: None,
         }
@@ -128,21 +124,12 @@ impl AsyncOpenState {
         self.deadline = None;
         self.deadline_timer = None;
         self.request_submitted = false;
-        self.stopped_after_current_attempt = self.stop_after_current_attempt;
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn has_in_flight_work(&self) -> bool {
         self.request_submitted || self.cleanup.is_some()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn request_stop_after_current_attempt(&mut self) {
-        self.stop_after_current_attempt = true;
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn stopped_after_current_attempt(&self) -> bool {
-        self.stopped_after_current_attempt
-    }
-
     fn deadline(&self) -> Instant {
         self.deadline
             .expect("an open attempt has an active deadline")
@@ -324,10 +311,6 @@ impl AsyncClient {
             if state.attempt >= attempt_count {
                 return Poll::Ready(Err(ClientError::OpenTimeout));
             }
-            if state.stop_after_current_attempt && state.deadline.is_none() {
-                state.stopped_after_current_attempt = true;
-                return Poll::Ready(Err(ClientError::OpenTimeout));
-            }
             if state.deadline.is_none() {
                 let timeout = self.machine.config().open.timeouts[state.attempt];
                 if let Err(error) = state.start_attempt(timeout) {
@@ -368,9 +351,6 @@ impl AsyncClient {
                 Poll::Ready(Err(error)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(error)),
                 Poll::Ready(Ok(false)) => {
                     state.finish_attempt();
-                    if state.stopped_after_current_attempt() {
-                        return Poll::Ready(Err(ClientError::OpenTimeout));
-                    }
                     continue;
                 }
                 Poll::Ready(Ok(true)) => {}
@@ -396,9 +376,6 @@ impl AsyncClient {
             };
             if datagram.received_at.mono > state.deadline() {
                 state.finish_attempt();
-                if state.stopped_after_current_attempt() {
-                    return Poll::Ready(Err(ClientError::OpenTimeout));
-                }
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -778,6 +755,16 @@ impl AsyncClient {
         .map_err(ClientError::Socket)
     }
 
+    /// Cancel opening without waiting for a reply or socket writability.
+    /// Retained post-token cleanup gets one best-effort nonblocking send.
+    pub(crate) fn cancel_open(&self, state: &mut AsyncOpenState) -> Option<ClientError> {
+        let cleanup = state.cleanup.take()?;
+        if let Some(packet) = cleanup.packet() {
+            let _ = self.socket.try_send(packet);
+        }
+        Some(cleanup.into_primary())
+    }
+
     fn poll_open_cleanup(
         &self,
         state: &mut AsyncOpenState,

crates/irtt-client/src/lib.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@
 //!
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
+/// Cargo package version of this compiled library.
+pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+
 #[cfg(feature = "tokio")]
 mod async_client;
 mod auth;

crates/irtt-client/src/managed/model.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{fmt, net::SocketAddr, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use crate::{Authentication, ClientConfig, ClientError, ClientEvent};
+use crate::{AddressFamily, Authentication, ClientConfig, ClientError, ClientEvent};
 
 use super::TargetId;
 
@@ -48,11 +48,16 @@ impl TargetAuth {
     }
 }
 
-/// Endpoint and authentication specification for one managed target.
+/// Endpoint, address-family and authentication specification for one managed target.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ManagedTargetConfig {
     pub id: TargetId,
     pub server_addr: String,
+    /// Override the shared address-family policy. `None` inherits it.
+    ///
+    /// The endpoint remains a hostname when supplied as one, so every new
+    /// generation resolves it again using the effective family policy.
+    pub address_family: Option<AddressFamily>,
     pub auth: TargetAuth,
 }
 
@@ -61,6 +66,7 @@ impl ManagedTargetConfig {
         Self {
             id: id.into(),
             server_addr: server_addr.into(),
+            address_family: None,
             auth: TargetAuth::Inherit,
         }
     }
@@ -86,7 +92,7 @@ pub enum ManagedCompletionPolicy {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ManagedClientConfig {
     /// Reusable session/socket configuration shared across target generations.
-    /// Each target supplies its endpoint and resolves its authentication policy.
+    /// Each target supplies its endpoint and resolves its family and authentication policies.
     pub client: ClientConfig,
     pub pacing: ManagedPacing,
     pub completion: ManagedCompletionPolicy,
@@ -95,6 +101,15 @@ pub struct ManagedClientConfig {
     pub outcome_history_limit: usize,
     pub max_live_target_generations: usize,
     pub final_drain: Duration,
+    /// Retry failed/closed sessions and detect silence while sending. Only valid
+    /// for continuous measurement runs. None (the default) disables reconnection.
+    pub reconnect_timeout: Option<Duration>,
+    /// First retry delay, also restored after a valid reply (default: 250 ms).
+    /// Must be positive and at most half of `reconnect_max_delay`.
+    pub reconnect_initial_delay: Duration,
+    /// Cap for per-target exponential backoff with a fixed multiplier of two
+    /// (default: 10 seconds). Must be schedulable from the current instant.
+    pub reconnect_max_delay: Duration,
 }
 
 impl Default for ManagedClientConfig {
@@ -108,6 +123,9 @@ impl Default for ManagedClientConfig {
             outcome_history_limit: DEFAULT_MANAGED_OUTCOME_HISTORY_LIMIT,
             max_live_target_generations: DEFAULT_MANAGED_MAX_LIVE_TARGET_GENERATIONS,
             final_drain: DEFAULT_MANAGED_FINAL_DRAIN,
+            reconnect_timeout: None,
+            reconnect_initial_delay: Duration::from_millis(250),
+            reconnect_max_delay: Duration::from_secs(10),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -358,6 +376,13 @@ pub struct ManagedTargetFailure {
 /// Configuration failure detected before any runtime work begins.
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum ManagedConfigError {
+    #[error("reconnection requires continuous measurement mode and a positive, schedulable silence timeout")]
+    InvalidReconnectPolicy,
+    #[error("reconnection delays must be positive and schedulable, with maximum delay at least twice the initial delay (initial: {initial:?}, maximum: {maximum:?})")]
+    InvalidReconnectDelays {
+        initial: Duration,
+        maximum: Duration,
+    },
     #[error("FinishWhenQuiescent requires at least one initial target")]
     EmptyInitialTargets,
     #[error("duplicate managed target id {id}")]

crates/irtt-client/src/managed/task.rs

@@ -327,7 +327,14 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
         let mut non_send_deadline = None;
         let mut send_deadline = None;
         for target in &self.targets {
+            non_send_deadline = non_send_deadline
+                .into_iter()
+                .chain(target.silence_deadline(self.config.reconnect_timeout))
+                .min();
             match target.phase() {
+                TargetPhase::Retrying { deadline } => {
+                    non_send_deadline = non_send_deadline.into_iter().chain(Some(*deadline)).min();
+                }
                 TargetPhase::Active {
                     client,
                     schedule,

crates/irtt-client/src/managed/task/control.rs

@@ -367,6 +367,35 @@ fn build_task(
             maximum: tokio::sync::Semaphore::MAX_PERMITS,
         });
     }
+    if config.reconnect_initial_delay.is_zero()
+        || config.reconnect_max_delay.is_zero()
+        || config
+            .reconnect_initial_delay
+            .checked_mul(2)
+            .is_none_or(|minimum| config.reconnect_max_delay < minimum)
+        // Tokio represents timer deadlines in u64 milliseconds, reserving the
+        // top two values for state. Leave room for its millisecond rounding.
+        || config.reconnect_max_delay.as_millis() >= u128::from(u64::MAX - 2)
+        || config
+            .reconnect_max_delay
+            .checked_add(std::time::Duration::from_millis(1))
+            .and_then(|delay| Instant::now().checked_add(delay))
+            .is_none()
+    {
+        return Err(ManagedConfigError::InvalidReconnectDelays {
+            initial: config.reconnect_initial_delay,
+            maximum: config.reconnect_max_delay,
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(timeout) = config.reconnect_timeout {
+        if timeout.is_zero()
+            || Instant::now().checked_add(timeout).is_none()
+            || config.client.request.duration.is_some()
+            || config.client.request.run_mode != crate::RunMode::Normal
+        {
+            return Err(ManagedConfigError::InvalidReconnectPolicy);
+        }
+    }
     if config.max_live_target_generations == 0 {
         return Err(ManagedConfigError::ZeroLiveGenerationLimit);
     }
@@ -397,6 +426,9 @@ fn build_task(
             .checked_add(1)
             .ok_or(ManagedConfigError::GenerationExhausted)?;
         let mut client_config = config.client.clone();
+        client_config.address_family = target
+            .address_family
+            .unwrap_or(config.client.address_family);
         client_config.auth = target.auth.resolve(&config.client.auth);
         validate_target_config(&client_config).map_err(|source| {
             ManagedConfigError::InvalidTarget {
@@ -414,6 +446,10 @@ fn build_task(
             server_addr: Arc::from(target.server_addr),
             remote: None,
             counters: TargetCounters::default(),
+            sent_before_session: 0,
+            retry_delay: config.reconnect_initial_delay,
+            silence_since: None,
+            last_reply_at: None,
             phase: Some(TargetPhase::Pending { client_config }),
         });
     }

crates/irtt-client/src/managed/task/pacing.rs

@@ -206,6 +206,12 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
         };
         self.targets[index].sync_packets_sent(&client);
         send_waiting = result.is_pending();
+        if send_waiting {
+            // A blocked sender is not evidence of an unresponsive peer. Arm
+            // a fresh silence period only after transmission resumes.
+            self.targets[index].silence_since = None;
+            self.targets[index].last_reply_at = None;
+        }
         self.targets[index].restore_phase(TargetPhase::Active {
             client,
             schedule,

crates/irtt-client/src/managed/task/target.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::{
     pin::Pin,
     sync::Arc,
     task::{Context, Poll},
-    time::Instant,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
 
 use crate::{
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ type ConnectFuture =
     Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<AsyncClient, ClientError>> + Send + 'static>>;
 
 pub(super) enum TargetPhase {
+    Retrying {
+        deadline: Instant,
+    },
     Pending {
         client_config: ClientConfig,
     },
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ pub(super) enum TargetPhase {
 impl TargetPhase {
     pub(super) fn lifecycle(&self) -> ManagedTargetLifecycle {
         match self {
+            Self::Retrying { .. } => ManagedTargetLifecycle::Pending,
             Self::Pending { .. } => ManagedTargetLifecycle::Pending,
             Self::Connecting { .. } => ManagedTargetLifecycle::Connecting,
             Self::Opening { .. } => ManagedTargetLifecycle::Opening,
@@ -182,11 +186,30 @@ pub(super) struct TargetRuntime {
     pub(super) server_addr: Arc<str>,
     pub(super) remote: Option<std::net::SocketAddr>,
     pub(super) counters: TargetCounters,
+    pub(super) sent_before_session: u64,
+    pub(super) retry_delay: Duration,
+    pub(super) silence_since: Option<Instant>,
+    pub(super) last_reply_at: Option<Instant>,
     // None only while a synchronous operation owns the phase locally.
     pub(super) phase: Option<TargetPhase>,
 }
 
 impl TargetRuntime {
+    pub(super) fn silence_deadline(&self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> Option<Instant> {
+        let TargetPhase::Active {
+            schedule,
+            send_waiting,
+            ..
+        } = self.phase()
+        else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        if *send_waiting || schedule.is_finished() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        self.silence_since?.checked_add(timeout?)
+    }
+
     pub(super) fn phase(&self) -> &TargetPhase {
         self.phase
             .as_ref()
@@ -218,16 +241,18 @@ impl TargetRuntime {
         self.membership.is_desired() && matches!(phase, TargetPhase::Active { .. })
     }
 
-    /// Adopt the underlying client's authoritative sent count.
-    ///
-    /// The client owns `packets_sent`; this runtime only mirrors it so a
-    /// terminal outcome can report it after the client is gone.
+    /// Combine the current client's authoritative sent count with retired
+    /// sessions, so one target generation keeps durable accounting on retries.
     pub(super) fn sync_packets_sent(&mut self, client: &AsyncClient) {
-        self.counters.packets_sent = client.packets_sent();
+        self.counters.packets_sent = self
+            .sent_before_session
+            .saturating_add(client.packets_sent());
     }
 
     pub(super) fn sync_live_packets_sent(&mut self) {
-        self.counters.packets_sent = self.phase().client().packets_sent();
+        self.counters.packets_sent = self
+            .sent_before_session
+            .saturating_add(self.phase().client().packets_sent());
     }
 
     /// Build this target's durable outcome.
@@ -284,6 +309,30 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
 
     pub(super) fn publish_client_events(&mut self, index: usize, events: Vec<ClientEvent>) {
         for event in events {
+            match &event {
+                ClientEvent::EchoSent { sent_at, .. } => {
+                    let target = &mut self.targets[index];
+                    let anchor = target
+                        .last_reply_at
+                        .filter(|reply| {
+                            self.config.reconnect_timeout.is_some_and(|timeout| {
+                                sent_at.mono.duration_since(*reply) < timeout
+                            })
+                        })
+                        .unwrap_or(sent_at.mono);
+                    target.silence_since.get_or_insert(anchor);
+                }
+                ClientEvent::EchoReply { received_at, .. }
+                | ClientEvent::LateReply { received_at, .. }
+                | ClientEvent::DuplicateReply { received_at, .. } => {
+                    // A reply disarms silence until another probe is committed.
+                    // A healthy sender with a long interval can remain idle.
+                    self.targets[index].silence_since = None;
+                    self.targets[index].last_reply_at = Some(received_at.mono);
+                    self.targets[index].retry_delay = self.config.reconnect_initial_delay;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
             self.targets[index].counters.observe(&event);
             self.publish_event(ManagedEvent::Client {
                 target: self.targets[index].instance.clone(),
@@ -295,9 +344,33 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
     fn finish_target(
         &mut self,
         index: usize,
-        end_reason: ManagedTargetEndReason,
+        mut end_reason: ManagedTargetEndReason,
         cleanup_failure: Option<ManagedTargetFailure>,
     ) {
+        if self.can_reconnect(index)
+            && matches!(
+                end_reason,
+                ManagedTargetEndReason::Failed(_)
+                    | ManagedTargetEndReason::PeerClosed
+                    | ManagedTargetEndReason::TestComplete
+            )
+        {
+            let target = &mut self.targets[index];
+            target.sent_before_session = target.counters.packets_sent;
+            target.silence_since = None;
+            target.last_reply_at = None;
+            if let Some(deadline) = Instant::now().checked_add(target.retry_delay) {
+                target.retry_delay = target
+                    .retry_delay
+                    .checked_mul(2)
+                    .unwrap_or(self.config.reconnect_max_delay)
+                    .min(self.config.reconnect_max_delay);
+                self.install_target_phase(index, TargetPhase::Retrying { deadline });
+                return;
+            }
+            // A delay validated at construction may no longer fit after a long run.
+            end_reason = ManagedTargetEndReason::Failed(duration_overflow_failure());
+        }
         let outcome = Arc::new(self.targets[index].outcome(end_reason, cleanup_failure));
         // Finalize history before the phase publisher installs Terminal, updates
         // pacing and publishes one complete status followed by the lifecycle event.
@@ -311,6 +384,12 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
         self.publish_event(ManagedEvent::TargetFinished { outcome });
     }
 
+    fn can_reconnect(&self, index: usize) -> bool {
+        self.config.reconnect_timeout.is_some()
+            && !self.phase.is_stopping()
+            && self.targets[index].membership.is_desired()
+    }
+
     fn fail_target(&mut self, index: usize, phase: ManagedTargetFailurePhase, error: ClientError) {
         let failure = classify_client_error(phase, &error);
         self.finish_target(index, ManagedTargetEndReason::Failed(failure), None);
@@ -332,6 +411,9 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
         };
         client.discard_prepared_probe();
         self.targets[index].sync_live_packets_sent();
+        if self.can_reconnect(index) {
+            return self.begin_close(index, primary_end, None, now);
+        }
         match cleanup {
             OpenSessionFailureCleanup::Drain => self.begin_drain(index, primary_end, now),
             OpenSessionFailureCleanup::Close => self.begin_close(index, primary_end, None, now),
@@ -359,6 +441,27 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
         let retirement = self.effective_retirement(index);
         let stopping = self.phase.is_stopping() || retirement.is_some();
         match self.targets[index].phase_mut() {
+            TargetPhase::Retrying { deadline } => {
+                if stopping {
+                    self.finish_target(
+                        index,
+                        retirement.unwrap_or(ManagedTargetEndReason::Stopped),
+                        None,
+                    );
+                    false
+                } else if now >= *deadline {
+                    let target = &self.targets[index].config;
+                    let mut client_config = self.config.client.clone();
+                    client_config.address_family = target
+                        .address_family
+                        .unwrap_or(client_config.address_family);
+                    client_config.auth = target.auth.resolve(&client_config.auth);
+                    self.install_target_phase(index, TargetPhase::Pending { client_config });
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    false
+                }
+            }
             TargetPhase::Pending { .. } => {
                 if stopping {
                     self.finish_target(
@@ -409,13 +512,13 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
                     let retirement = retirement
                         .clone()
                         .unwrap_or(ManagedTargetEndReason::Stopped);
-                    if !open.has_in_flight_work() {
+                    let cleanup_failure = client.cancel_open(open).map(|error| {
+                        classify_client_error(ManagedTargetFailurePhase::Opening, &error)
+                    });
                     self.targets[index].sync_live_packets_sent();
-                        self.finish_target(index, retirement, None);
+                    self.finish_target(index, retirement, cleanup_failure);
                     return false;
                 }
-                    open.request_stop_after_current_attempt();
-                }
                 match client.poll_open(open, cx) {
                     Poll::Pending => false,
                     Poll::Ready(Ok(OpenOutcome::Started(started))) => {
@@ -438,16 +541,6 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
                             index,
                             vec![ClientEvent::SessionStarted(started)],
                         );
-                        if stopping {
-                            self.targets[index].sync_live_packets_sent();
-                            self.begin_drain(
-                                index,
-                                retirement
-                                    .clone()
-                                    .unwrap_or(ManagedTargetEndReason::Stopped),
-                                now,
-                            )
-                        } else {
                         let previous = self.targets[index].take_phase();
                         self.targets[index].restore_phase(TargetPhase::Active {
                             client: previous.into_client(),
@@ -457,45 +550,16 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
                         self.publish_target_phase(index, ManagedTargetLifecycle::Opening);
                         true
                     }
-                    }
                     Poll::Ready(Ok(OpenOutcome::NoTestCompleted(completed))) => {
                         self.publish_client_events(
                             index,
                             vec![ClientEvent::NoTestCompleted(completed)],
                         );
-                        let end_reason = if stopping {
-                            retirement
-                                .clone()
-                                .unwrap_or(ManagedTargetEndReason::Stopped)
-                        } else {
-                            ManagedTargetEndReason::NoTestComplete
-                        };
-                        self.finish_target(index, end_reason, None);
+                        self.finish_target(index, ManagedTargetEndReason::NoTestComplete, None);
                         false
                     }
                     Poll::Ready(Err(error)) => {
-                        if stopping {
-                            let TargetPhase::Opening { open, .. } = self.targets[index].phase()
-                            else {
-                                unreachable!()
-                            };
-                            let cleanup_failure =
-                                (!open.stopped_after_current_attempt()).then(|| {
-                                    classify_client_error(
-                                        ManagedTargetFailurePhase::Opening,
-                                        &error,
-                                    )
-                                });
-                            self.finish_target(
-                                index,
-                                retirement
-                                    .clone()
-                                    .unwrap_or(ManagedTargetEndReason::Stopped),
-                                cleanup_failure,
-                            );
-                        } else {
                         self.fail_target(index, ManagedTargetFailurePhase::Opening, error);
-                        }
                         false
                     }
                 }
@@ -504,6 +568,16 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
                 if stopping {
                     client.discard_prepared_probe();
                     self.targets[index].sync_live_packets_sent();
+                    if self.config.reconnect_timeout.is_some() {
+                        return self.begin_close(
+                            index,
+                            retirement
+                                .clone()
+                                .unwrap_or(ManagedTargetEndReason::Stopped),
+                            None,
+                            now,
+                        );
+                    }
                     return self.begin_drain(
                         index,
                         retirement
@@ -539,6 +613,22 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
                     self.finish_target(index, ManagedTargetEndReason::PeerClosed, None);
                     return false;
                 }
+                if self.targets[index]
+                    .silence_deadline(self.config.reconnect_timeout)
+                    .is_some_and(|deadline| deadline <= now)
+                {
+                    self.targets[index].sync_live_packets_sent();
+                    return self.begin_close(
+                        index,
+                        ManagedTargetEndReason::Failed(ManagedTargetFailure {
+                            phase: ManagedTargetFailurePhase::Receiving,
+                            kind: ManagedTargetFailureKind::Timeout,
+                            message: Arc::from("session silent while sending probes"),
+                        }),
+                        None,
+                        now,
+                    );
+                }
                 let TargetPhase::Active {
                     client, schedule, ..
                 } = self.targets[index].phase_mut()

crates/irtt-client/src/managed/task/update.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ struct UpdatePlan {
 
 fn synchronously_retireable(phase: &TargetPhase) -> bool {
     match phase {
-        TargetPhase::Pending { .. }
+        TargetPhase::Retrying { .. }
+        | TargetPhase::Pending { .. }
         | TargetPhase::Connecting { .. }
         | TargetPhase::Terminal { .. } => true,
         TargetPhase::Opening { open, .. } => !open.has_in_flight_work(),
@@ -140,6 +141,10 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
                 membership: TargetMembership::Desired,
                 remote: None,
                 counters: TargetCounters::default(),
+                sent_before_session: 0,
+                retry_delay: self.config.reconnect_initial_delay,
+                silence_since: None,
+                last_reply_at: None,
                 phase: Some(TargetPhase::Pending {
                     client_config: planned.client_config,
                 }),
@@ -191,6 +196,9 @@ impl ManagedClientTask {
                 return Err(ManagedCommandApplyError::DuplicateTargetId { id: target.id });
             }
             let mut client_config = self.config.client.clone();
+            client_config.address_family = target
+                .address_family
+                .unwrap_or(self.config.client.address_family);
             client_config.auth = target.auth.resolve(&self.config.client.auth);
             validate_target_config(&client_config).map_err(|source| {
                 ManagedCommandApplyError::InvalidTarget {

crates/irtt-integration-tests/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ publish = false
 irtt-client = { workspace = true, features = ["ancillary", "tokio"] }
 irtt-server.workspace = true
 irtt-proto.workspace = true
-tokio = { version = "1.53.2", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "net", "time", "sync", "macros"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.54.1", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "net", "time", "sync", "macros"] }

crates/irtt-proto/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "irtt-proto"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 description = "IRTT protocol encoding and decoding primitives"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 rust-version.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-homepage.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = ["irtt", "networking", "latency", "protocol"]
 categories = ["network-programming"]
@@ -18,4 +17,4 @@ subtle = "2.6.1"
 thiserror = "2.0.21"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-proptest = "1.11.0"
+proptest = "1.12.0"

crates/irtt-proto/src/lib.rs

@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@
 //!
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
+/// Cargo package version of this compiled library.
+pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+
 pub mod echo;
 mod envelope;
 pub mod error;

crates/irtt-server/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "irtt-server"
-version = "0.5.3"
+version = "0.5.4"
 description = "IRTT-compatible Rust server library"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 rust-version.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-homepage.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = ["irtt", "networking", "latency", "server"]
 categories = ["network-programming"]
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ irtt-proto.workspace = true
 getrandom = "0.4.3"
 socket2 = { version = "0.6.5", features = ["all"] }
 thiserror = "2.0.21"
-tokio = { version = "1.53.2", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "net", "time", "sync", "macros"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.54.1", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "net", "time", "sync", "macros"] }
 
 # Wildcard listeners recover each request's local destination address and send
 # the reply from it. Only these targets have a safe destination-metadata and

crates/irtt-server/src/lib.rs

@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@
 //! payload bytes never reach a reply under any mode.
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
+/// Cargo package version of this compiled library.
+pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+
 mod clock;
 mod config;
 mod core;

crates/irtt-stats/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "irtt-stats"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.6.0"
 description = "Statistics aggregation for irtt-client events"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 rust-version.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-homepage.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = ["irtt", "networking", "latency", "statistics"]
 categories = ["network-programming"]
@@ -19,4 +18,4 @@ irtt-client.workspace = true
 name = "finite_vs_continuous"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-proptest = "1.11.0"
+proptest = "1.12.0"

crates/irtt-stats/README.md

@@ -16,10 +16,16 @@ re-export. Event interpretation, IPDV pairing, loss, and snapshot reconstruction
 remain here.
 
 A `StatsCollector` has one sequence/IPDV namespace and one packet count, both
-scoped to a single target. A managed session covering multiple targets needs
-one collector per target — as the `irtt-rs` CLI does — since a target's
+scoped to a single target session. A managed session covering multiple targets
+needs one collector per target — as the `irtt-rs` CLI does — since a target's
 sequence numbers start over at zero and feeding two targets into one
-collector would pair up unrelated probes.
+collector would pair up unrelated probes. Reset or replace the collector when a
+target reconnects, since the new session restarts its sequence numbers.
+
+Version 0.6 consumes `irtt-client` 0.7 events. Applications using both crates
+must upgrade them together to avoid incompatible `ClientEvent` types.
+`IpdvPairUpdate` exposes signed nanosecond changes alongside the existing
+absolute `Duration` values; aggregate IPDV statistics remain absolute magnitudes.
 
 ## Retention modes
 

crates/irtt-stats/src/core.rs

@@ -175,29 +175,31 @@ impl CoreStats {
         let mut updates = Vec::new();
 
         for pair in self.ipdv_tracker.insert(sample) {
-            let Some(rtt_ipdv) = duration_from_non_negative_i128_ns(pair.rtt_ipdv_ns) else {
+            let rtt_magnitude_ns = pair.rtt_ipdv_ns.saturating_abs();
+            let send_magnitude_ns = pair.send_ipdv_ns.map(i128::saturating_abs);
+            let receive_magnitude_ns = pair.receive_ipdv_ns.map(i128::saturating_abs);
+            let Some(rtt_ipdv) = duration_from_non_negative_i128_ns(rtt_magnitude_ns) else {
                 continue;
             };
-            let send_ipdv = pair
-                .send_ipdv_ns
-                .and_then(duration_from_non_negative_i128_ns);
-            let receive_ipdv = pair
-                .receive_ipdv_ns
-                .and_then(duration_from_non_negative_i128_ns);
+            let send_ipdv = send_magnitude_ns.and_then(duration_from_non_negative_i128_ns);
+            let receive_ipdv = receive_magnitude_ns.and_then(duration_from_non_negative_i128_ns);
 
-            self.ipdv_round_trip.push_ns(pair.rtt_ipdv_ns);
+            self.ipdv_round_trip.push_ns(rtt_magnitude_ns);
 
-            if let Some(value) = pair.send_ipdv_ns {
+            if let Some(value) = send_magnitude_ns {
                 self.ipdv_send.push_ns(value);
             }
 
-            if let Some(value) = pair.receive_ipdv_ns {
+            if let Some(value) = receive_magnitude_ns {
                 self.ipdv_receive.push_ns(value);
             }
 
             updates.push(IpdvPairUpdate {
                 previous_seq: pair.previous_seq,
                 current_seq: pair.current_seq,
+                rtt_ipdv_ns: pair.rtt_ipdv_ns,
+                send_ipdv_ns: pair.send_ipdv_ns,
+                receive_ipdv_ns: pair.receive_ipdv_ns,
                 rtt_ipdv,
                 send_ipdv,
                 receive_ipdv,

crates/irtt-stats/src/ipdv.rs

@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ impl IpdvTracker {
         Some(CompletedIpdvPair {
             previous_seq,
             current_seq,
-            rtt_ipdv_ns: abs_i128_ns(current.rtt_primary_ns - previous.rtt_primary_ns),
-            send_ipdv_ns: send_ipdv_ns(previous, current).map(abs_i128_ns),
-            receive_ipdv_ns: receive_ipdv_ns(previous, current).map(abs_i128_ns),
+            rtt_ipdv_ns: current.rtt_primary_ns - previous.rtt_primary_ns,
+            send_ipdv_ns: send_ipdv_ns(previous, current),
+            receive_ipdv_ns: receive_ipdv_ns(previous, current),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -161,10 +161,6 @@ fn duration_ns_i128(duration: Duration) -> i128 {
     i128::try_from(duration.as_nanos()).unwrap_or(i128::MAX)
 }
 
-fn abs_i128_ns(value: i128) -> i128 {
-    value.saturating_abs()
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

crates/irtt-stats/src/lib.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 #![warn(rustdoc::missing_crate_level_docs)]
 
+/// Cargo package version of this compiled library.
+pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use irtt_client::ClientEvent;
@@ -520,6 +523,12 @@ pub struct IpdvPairUpdate {
     pub previous_seq: u32,
     /// Sequence number of the later reply in the adjacent pair.
     pub current_seq: u32,
+    /// Signed round-trip delay change (current minus previous) in nanoseconds.
+    pub rtt_ipdv_ns: i128,
+    /// Signed send-side delay change in nanoseconds, when available for both replies.
+    pub send_ipdv_ns: Option<i128>,
+    /// Signed receive-side delay change in nanoseconds, when available for both replies.
+    pub receive_ipdv_ns: Option<i128>,
     /// Absolute round-trip IPDV between the adjacent replies.
     pub rtt_ipdv: Duration,
     /// Absolute send-side IPDV when send one-way delay is available for both replies.

crates/irtt-stats/src/normalization.rs

@@ -191,10 +191,15 @@ impl ReplySample {
                 client_receive_mono: received_at.mono,
                 client_send_wall_ns: system_time_ns(sent_at.wall),
                 client_receive_wall_ns: system_time_ns(received_at.wall),
-                server_receive_mono_ns: server_timing.and_then(|timing| timing.receive_mono_ns),
-                server_send_mono_ns: server_timing.and_then(|timing| timing.send_mono_ns),
-                server_receive_wall_ns: server_timing.and_then(|timing| timing.receive_wall_ns),
-                server_send_wall_ns: server_timing.and_then(|timing| timing.send_wall_ns),
+                // Midpoint timestamps serve as both directional endpoints.
+                server_receive_mono_ns: server_timing
+                    .and_then(|timing| timing.receive_mono_ns.or(timing.midpoint_mono_ns)),
+                server_send_mono_ns: server_timing
+                    .and_then(|timing| timing.send_mono_ns.or(timing.midpoint_mono_ns)),
+                server_receive_wall_ns: server_timing
+                    .and_then(|timing| timing.receive_wall_ns.or(timing.midpoint_wall_ns)),
+                server_send_wall_ns: server_timing
+                    .and_then(|timing| timing.send_wall_ns.or(timing.midpoint_wall_ns)),
             },
         }
     }

docs/INTEROP_COMPARISON.md

@@ -1,4 +1,38 @@
-# Interop Comparison
+# Interop comparison
+
+## Feature comparison
+
+This compares `irtt-rs` with the original [heistp/irtt](https://github.com/heistp/irtt)
+release [v0.9.2](https://github.com/heistp/irtt/releases/tag/v0.9.2) (2026-07-17).
+The aim is for the two implementations to interoperate, though the interop
+tests and verified protocol baseline still use upstream v0.9.1. Both
+upstream releases use wire protocol version 1, but v0.9.2 hasn't been run
+through this project's interop harness. See [`docs/protocol/`](protocol/)
+for the verified protocol baseline.
+
+| Capability | irtt-rs | Upstream IRTT (v0.9.2) |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| Wire protocol | Version 1, verified against upstream v0.9.1 | Version 1, unchanged from v0.9.1 |
+| Finite probing | Default duration of 10s | Default duration of 1m |
+| Continuous probing | `--continuous` or `--duration 0`, with optional per-target reconnection | Streaming mode (`-s`, added in v0.9.2) |
+| Statistics in continuous mode | Optional count/min/max/mean/variance per session, with bounded IPDV tracking and no exact medians. Disable with `--no-stats` or omit the `stats` feature | No statistics; raw/event output only to avoid unbounded memory |
+| Multiple targets | Labels and staggered/burst pacing in one invocation | One remote address per invocation |
+| Terminal UI | Live graph and dashboard through `irtt-tui` | None |
+| Output formats | table, csv, tsv, jsonl, with selectable columns | Text summary, JSON (optionally gzip to file), and fixed-field raw output; no CSV/TSV or column selection |
+| Replay saved results | Not implemented | `report` subcommand for saved JSON results |
+| Benchmarking and clock diagnostics | Not implemented | Benchmarking and timer/clock-diagnostic subcommands |
+| Client payload and timing controls | No client-side payload fill or don't-fragment/wait-strategy/timer-algorithm controls | Client-side payload fill and controls for don't-fragment, wait strategy, and timer algorithm |
+| Kernel timestamps | Best-effort preference on Linux for its own send/receive endpoint | Not implemented |
+| Server listeners | Several listeners in one process, supervised by `ServerSet` | Multiple requested addresses through `ListenAndServe` |
+| Server wildcard reply-source selection | Default on Linux/macOS/FreeBSD; other platforms refuse wildcard binds | Opt-in through `--set-src-ip`, with a documented per-packet allocation cost |
+| Server default bind | Wildcard addresses for both families, subject to the platform restriction above | Wildcard addresses for both families; no documented platform restriction |
+| Server payload fill policy | Honors the session's negotiated request, with a fixed fallback pattern; no options to restrict or override it | Options to restrict or override client fill requests |
+| Syslog logging | Not implemented | Supported |
+| Bundled service files | None | systemd and OpenRC |
+| Client/server library API | Separate, independently versioned Rust crates (`irtt-client`, `irtt-server`) | One Go package exposing both roles |
+| Prebuilt release binaries | Published for six target triples | None published; install through `go install` or build manually |
+
+## Black-box testing
 
 `scripts/compare_irtt_clients.py` is a black-box comparison harness for running
 upstream `irtt` and `irtt-rs` clients concurrently against the same server. It
@@ -8,7 +42,7 @@ summaries, and comparison JSON under `target/interop-comparisons` by default.
 The harness does not inspect upstream source or tests. It only invokes the
 upstream executable.
 
-## Remote or Existing Local Server
+### Remote or Existing Local Server
 
 Build `irtt-rs` and ensure an upstream `irtt` executable is available:
 
@@ -36,7 +70,7 @@ python3 scripts/compare_irtt_clients.py \
 Remote comparisons are useful for smoke coverage, but Internet paths are noisy
 and can make RTT/loss differences hard to interpret.
 
-## Linux Netem Interop
+### Linux Netem Interop
 
 `scripts/run_netem_interop_ci.py` provides deterministic Linux CI coverage using
 network namespaces, a veth pair, and `tc netem`. It is intended for GitHub
@@ -69,7 +103,7 @@ Netem qdiscs are applied on veth egress:
 Cleanup deletes qdiscs, stops the server process, and removes both namespaces in
 a `finally` path.
 
-### Scenarios
+#### Scenarios
 
 The CI harness implements:
 
@@ -86,7 +120,7 @@ both clients run in the same client namespace against the same server namespace,
 relative one-way shape is still useful for diagnostics, but the CI pass/fail
 policy is based on RTT and packet behavior.
 
-### Pass/Fail Policy
+#### Pass/Fail Policy
 
 Deterministic scenarios fail when:
 
@@ -113,7 +147,7 @@ python3 scripts/run_netem_interop_ci.py \
   --loss-rate-warning-pct 12
 ```
 
-### Manual Linux Usage
+#### Manual Linux Usage
 
 On Linux:
 

docs/irtt-client.md

@@ -1,29 +1,31 @@
 # irtt-client
 
-## NAME
+## Name
 
 irtt-client - IRTT-compatible stream client
 
-## SYNOPSIS
+## Synopsis
 
 `irtt-client` [*OPTIONS*] [*[LABEL=]TARGET[@hmac=KEY]*]...
 
 `irtt-client` `--list-columns`
 
-## DESCRIPTION
+## Description
 
-`irtt-client` probes one or more IRTT-compatible servers over UDP and prints
-per-probe measurement events as they arrive, plus a final summary for
-eligible runs.
+Use `irtt-client` to probe one or more IRTT-compatible servers over UDP.
+It prints measurement events as they arrive, and a final summary when the
+run qualifies for one.
 
-## TARGETS
+## Targets
 
-Every target argument accepts `[LABEL=]TARGET[@hmac=KEY]`. An optional
-`LABEL=` prefix assigns the logical target name used in output; without it,
-the target string itself is used as the label. Labeled and unlabeled targets
-can be freely mixed in one argument list. Prefer explicit labels for
-long-running dynamic target sets: the label is the stable target identity
-across replacements.
+Write targets as `[LABEL=]TARGET[@hmac=KEY]`. You can add a `LABEL=` prefix
+to choose the name shown in output. If you leave it out, the client uses
+the target string as its label. You can mix labeled and unlabeled targets
+in the same command.
+
+If you're changing targets during a long run, give them explicit labels.
+The label identifies the same logical target when you replace its
+configuration.
 
 ```sh
 irtt-client host-a:2112
@@ -37,49 +39,131 @@ overrides it for that target, and `@hmac=` explicitly disables HMAC for that
 target. The modifier uses `@`, not a shell command separator; quote an argument
 if its key needs shell quoting.
 
+Both the global `--hmac KEY` and per-target `@hmac=KEY` accept plain-text
+keys or hexadecimal keys prefixed with `0x`. For example, `secret` and
+`0x736563726574` are equivalent.
+
 Target syntax supports these backslash escapes in labels, addresses, and HMAC
 values: `\\` for a literal backslash, `\@` for a literal `@`, `\=` for a
 literal `=`, and `\;` for a literal semicolon. Escaping `@` is necessary in a
 label or address when it would otherwise begin `@hmac=`; escaping the first
-`=` is how an unlabeled target or a label can contain that character. An `=` in
-an HMAC value, including Base64 padding, does not need escaping. Positional
-target arguments may contain a raw comma; stdin target sets have the additional
-`\,` escape described below.
+`=` lets an unlabeled target or a label contain that character. An `=` in
+an HMAC value does not need escaping. Positional target arguments may
+contain a raw comma; stdin target sets have the additional `\,` escape
+described below.
 
 Shells process unquoted backslashes and characters such as semicolons before
 the client sees them. Single-quote a target when it contains parser escapes,
 for example `'west\=edge=host\@hmac=literal@hmac=a\;b\\c'`, so the
 backslashes reach `irtt-client` unchanged.
 
-Multiple targets are probed concurrently. By default, a multi-target session
-uses **staggered** pacing, spacing active targets across the probe interval;
-pass `--pacing burst` to send one probe to every active target back-to-back
-once per interval instead. Final per-target summaries print in the order
-targets were supplied on the command line, not the order in which they
-finish or their labels sort alphabetically.
+The client probes multiple targets concurrently. By default it staggers
+them across the probe interval. If you want to send one probe to every
+active target back-to-back once per interval, use `--pacing burst`.
+Final summaries follow the command-line target order, regardless of which
+target finished first or how their labels sort.
 
-## DYNAMIC TARGET SETS FROM STANDARD INPUT
+## Address family
 
-`--targets-stdin` is available only with continuous mode (`--duration 0`).
-Positional targets remain an initial desired set, and may be omitted to
-start empty:
+By default, each target uses the first address returned by the system resolver,
+whether IPv4 or IPv6. Use `-4` / `--ipv4` to select IPv4 only, or
+`-6` / `--ipv6` to select IPv6 only. Hostnames are resolved when each session
+connects; these flags do not perform an extra discovery lookup. An explicit
+IP literal from the other family is rejected during preparation.
+
+Use `--dual-stack` to compare IPv4 and IPv6 paths as separate measurements:
+
+```sh
+irtt-client -6 host.example
+irtt-client --dual-stack cov=uk-cov1.irtt.lochnair.net
+```
+
+For each hostname, the client discovers which address families the system
+resolver currently returns. IPv4 results create `cov/v4`, IPv6 results create
+`cov/v6`, and both create both targets, in that order. Without an alias,
+`host.example` becomes `host.example/v4` and/or `host.example/v6`. Multiple
+addresses within one family still produce only one target. Explicit IP literals
+keep their original label and remain single targets.
+
+Each target has its own session, statistics, and failures. Its original hostname
+is retained: every new session resolves it again and selects the first address
+matching its family. Families are discovered only when a declaration is added,
+so a newly appearing family does not create another target automatically.
+Discovery failure or a successful lookup returning no addresses rejects the
+whole target set. A missing family is normal and simply creates no target for
+that family. Final labels must be unique, including generated `/v4` and `/v6`
+labels; choose another alias if one collides with an explicit label.
+
+`-4`, `-6`, and `--dual-stack` are mutually exclusive. Expanded targets use
+ordinary multi-target pacing and each sends its own probes, so dual-stack can
+double the number of probes per interval compared with one target per hostname.
+
+## Local socket configuration
+
+If you need to control where probes leave the machine, use these socket
+options:
+
+- `--bind-addr IP[:PORT]` binds sockets to a local IP address and optional
+  port. Leave out the port or use `0` to let the OS assign an ephemeral port.
+  IPv6 addresses with a port need `[ADDR]:PORT` syntax. The address family
+  must match the target's resolved address family.
+- `--bind-device DEVICE` (Linux, Android, Fuchsia) binds sockets to a
+  network interface using `SO_BINDTODEVICE`.
+- `--mark MARK` (Linux, Android, Fuchsia) sets the socket's firewall mark
+  using `SO_MARK`, so policy routing or firewall rules can select the
+  traffic. It accepts a decimal or 0x-prefixed hexadecimal unsigned 32-bit
+  integer.
+- `--fib FIB` (FreeBSD) selects a routing table using `SO_SETFIB`. Supply
+  the FIB as a decimal unsigned 32-bit integer.
+
+For example, to bind IPv4 probes to a specific source address and interface
+with a firewall mark:
+
+```sh
+irtt-client -4 --bind-addr 192.0.2.10 --bind-device wan0 --mark 1234 host.example
+```
+
+Setting a firewall mark or binding to a network device may require elevated
+privileges or appropriate capabilities. If the OS rejects a socket option,
+socket setup fails.
+
+A fixed local port can cause bind conflicts when the client creates sockets
+for multiple targets. Unless you need a particular source port, let the OS
+assign one. A bind address for one family also cannot be used with targets
+in the other family.
+
+## Dynamic target sets from standard input
+
+`--targets-stdin` only works in continuous mode (`--continuous` or
+`--duration 0`). Use it to change targets while the client is running.
+Positional targets form the initial set. You can leave them out to start
+with none:
 
 ~~~sh
 irtt-client --duration 0 --targets-stdin
 irtt-client --duration 0 --targets-stdin ams=ams.example:2112
 ~~~
 
-Each non-empty stdin record declares the complete desired target set, rather
-than a delta. A later record replaces an earlier set: targets absent from it
-are retired, unchanged target configurations retain their generation, and a
-changed address or HMAC setting creates a fresh generation. Under transient
-live-generation backpressure, only the latest unapplied desired set is kept.
+Each non-empty stdin record gives the complete set of targets you want.
+A new record replaces the previous set: the client retires targets you leave
+out, keeps the generation for unchanged configurations, and starts a fresh
+generation when an address or HMAC setting changes. If live-generation
+capacity temporarily prevents an update, only the latest unapplied set is
+kept.
 
-Commas frame targets in stdin records; escape a literal comma within one
-target as `\,`. Target parsing inside each element is otherwise the same as
-for positional arguments, including the other escapes above, `@hmac=KEY`, and
-`@hmac=`. Use a persistent producer or keep a pipe/FIFO writer open while the
-client is being controlled. For example, in one terminal:
+The same address-family preparation applies to initial and stdin targets.
+With `--dual-stack`, unchanged labels and endpoints retain their discovered
+families across records, including HMAC-only changes. Removing a declaration
+and later adding it again performs fresh discovery. New declarations are
+prepared asynchronously while existing measurements continue. A preparation
+error stops the stream gracefully without applying a partial set.
+
+Separate targets in stdin records with commas, and escape a comma inside a
+target as `\,`. Each target otherwise uses the same syntax as positional
+arguments, including the escapes above, `@hmac=KEY`, and `@hmac=`.
+
+Keep the producer or pipe/FIFO writer open while controlling the client.
+For example, run this in one terminal:
 
 ~~~sh
 mkfifo /tmp/irtt-targets
@@ -87,8 +171,8 @@ irtt-client --duration 0 --targets-stdin --hmac default-secret \
   < /tmp/irtt-targets
 ~~~
 
-Then open the FIFO once from another terminal and keep that descriptor open
-while publishing complete desired sets:
+Then, in another terminal, open the FIFO once and keep that descriptor open
+while sending complete target sets:
 
 ~~~sh
 exec 3> /tmp/irtt-targets
@@ -98,39 +182,129 @@ printf '%s\n' 'sg=sg.example:2112@hmac=sg-secret,nyc=nyc.example:2112' >&3
 exec 3>&-
 ~~~
 
-The exact record `[]` selects an empty desired set. Empty records are
-ignored; whitespace is otherwise payload, not trimming. EOF is immediate loss
-or closure of the control plane and requests a graceful stop. A desired-state
-revision that was read but has not yet been acknowledged as applied may be
-discarded when EOF is observed; EOF does not wait for a capacity-rejected
-revision to become applicable.
+Send exactly `[]` to select an empty target set. The client ignores empty
+records, but otherwise treats whitespace as part of the input without
+trimming it.
+
+Closing stdin sends EOF and asks the client to stop gracefully. An update
+that has been read but not yet acknowledged as applied may be discarded
+at that point. EOF does not wait for an update blocked by capacity to
+become applicable.
 
 The maximum stdin record payload is 64 KiB. Stdin-controlled mode bounds each
 desired set to 128 targets and retains at most 256 live target generations
-while replacements drain.
+while replacements drain. The 128-target limit applies after dual-stack
+expansion: a hostname producing both families consumes two target slots.
 
-## FINITE VERSUS CONTINUOUS OPERATION
+## Negotiation only
+
+`-n` / `--no-test` connects to each target, negotiates the requested parameters,
+and exits without sending measurement probes. For example:
+
+```sh
+irtt-client --no-test host.example:2112 --duration 30s --interval 100ms
+```
+
+On successful negotiation, the `no_test_completed` event includes the
+negotiated duration, interval, and packet length. Output format and column
+selection work as usual. The client prints no measurement summary or
+statistics-memory warning. Negotiation failures use the normal target
+diagnostics and exit policy: an uninterrupted run exits nonzero if no
+target succeeds.
+
+Duration options still specify the duration to negotiate; even with
+`--continuous` or `--duration 0`, the client exits after negotiation.
+`--no-test` cannot be combined with `--targets-stdin`.
+
+## Finite versus continuous operation
+
+`--duration` and `--interval` accept fractional and composite durations, such as
+`2.5s`, `1m30s`, and `1h`, as well as `ms`, `us` (or `µs`), and `ns` units
+(e.g. `500us` or `100ns`). A nonzero value requires a unit. The interval must
+be greater than zero; a zero test duration, including `0s`, selects continuous
+mode.
+
+`--timeouts 1s,2s,4s,8s` sets the session-opening retry schedule. Each
+comma-separated duration is the receive timeout for one open attempt; attempts
+stop when a valid open reply arrives. The list must be nonempty, with each
+value at least `200ms`, and uses the same duration syntax as `--interval`.
+Omitting the option preserves the library default schedule.
 
 `--duration` controls the run length:
 
-- Any nonzero duration (default `10s`) is a **finite** run: probing stops
-  after that long, and a final summary is always printed for table output
-  (see [OUTPUT](#output) below — CSV, TSV, and JSON Lines never print one).
-- `--duration 0` is **continuous**: the client runs until interrupted
-  (`Ctrl-C`). For table output, a final summary is printed only if the run
-  was interrupted. Stdin-controlled mode is the exception: EOF also requests
-  a graceful stop and prints the final retained summary. An uninterrupted
-  continuous run that exits for another reason does not get one.
+- A nonzero duration (default `10s`) gives you a finite run. Probing stops
+  after that long. If statistics are enabled and you're using table
+  [output](#output), the client prints a final summary. CSV, TSV, and
+  JSON Lines never include a summary.
+- With `--continuous` (or `--duration 0`), the client runs until interrupted
+  (`Ctrl-C`). With statistics and table output enabled, interrupting the run
+  prints a final summary. In stdin-controlled mode, EOF also stops the run
+  gracefully and prints the retained summary. A continuous run that exits
+  for another reason without being interrupted does not print one.
 
-See [MEASUREMENTS AND MEMORY](#measurements-and-memory) below for why this
-distinction also determines what statistics can be computed and how much
-memory a long run retains.
+The choice also affects which statistics are available and how much memory
+a long run retains. See [Measurements and memory](#measurements-and-memory).
 
-## OUTPUT
+### Optional recovery and event-only runs
+
+If you only need individual measurements, use `--no-stats` to disable
+statistics collection and final summaries. Columns that need statistics,
+such as IPDV, are unavailable. The runtime flag still leaves the
+`irtt-stats` dependency in the build.
+
+To omit statistics at compile time, build with:
+
+```sh
+cargo build --release -p irtt-rs --bin irtt-client --no-default-features --features client
+```
+
+Use `--features client,stats` to include statistics in a client-only build.
+Default builds include statistics, and `tui` always enables them. Without
+compiled statistics, `--no-stats` remains accepted, summaries and statistics
+warnings are disabled, and IPDV columns retain their names with absent values
+(`-` in tables, empty CSV/TSV fields, and JSON `null`). Measurement events and
+protocol-level received statistics remain available.
+
+Use `--reconnect` to recover individual targets in continuous mode
+(`--continuous` or `--duration 0`). The client retries failed connections,
+closed sessions, and unresponsive servers while the other targets keep
+running. By default, the delay doubles after each failed attempt, from
+250 ms up to 10 seconds. A valid reply resets it to the initial delay.
+Each target backs off independently.
+
+You can change the delays with `--reconnect-initial-delay DURATION`
+(default: `250ms`) and `--reconnect-max-delay DURATION` (default: `10s`).
+Both require `--reconnect` and must be positive and schedulable. The maximum
+must be at least twice the initial delay. For example,
+`--reconnect-initial-delay 1s --reconnect-max-delay 5s` retries after `1s`,
+`2s`, `4s`, `5s`, then `5s` from there on.
+
+`--reconnect-timeout DURATION` sets how long a session can go without valid
+replies before the client tries to reconnect (default: `10s`). It only
+applies while actively sending probes, so allow for your probe interval and
+expected packet loss.
+
+Reconnecting resets statistics for that target, so its final summary only
+covers the latest session. The client warns about this when reconnection
+and statistics collection are both enabled. Use `--no-stats` to disable
+collection and suppress the warning.
+
+For continuous CSV output from multiple targets without statistics:
+
+```sh
+irtt-client --continuous --reconnect --no-stats \
+  --reconnect-timeout 10s \
+  --reconnect-initial-delay 250ms --reconnect-max-delay 10s \
+  --format csv --header never \
+  --columns client_receive_wall_ns,target,seq,rd_us,sd_us \
+  reflector1 reflector2
+```
+
+## Output
 
 ### `--format FORMAT`
 
-One of four event-row formats, default `table`:
+Choose one of four event-row formats. The default is `table`:
 
 - `table`: human-readable terminal output; the only format that prints a
   final summary.
@@ -138,7 +312,7 @@ One of four event-row formats, default `table`:
 - `tsv`: tab-separated output.
 - `jsonl`: one JSON object per event.
 
-CSV, TSV, and JSON Lines default to **all** columns for structured export;
+CSV, TSV, and JSON Lines include all columns by default for structured export;
 `table` defaults to a compact column set and hides `echo_sent` rows. An
 explicit `--columns` selection other than `default` shows all event rows,
 including `echo_sent`; `--columns default` is equivalent to omitting the
@@ -146,15 +320,15 @@ option and keeps `echo_sent` hidden for table output.
 
 ### `--columns COLUMNS` / `-c COLUMNS`
 
-Comma-separated event row columns, or the special values `default` (the
-format's default set) or `all` (every column). List every available column,
-its meaning, and its aliases with:
+Choose event-row columns with a comma-separated list, or use `default`
+for the format's default set and `all` for every column. To see the
+available columns, their meanings, and aliases, run:
 
 ```sh
 irtt-client --list-columns
 ```
 
-(`--list-columns` does not require a target.)
+You don't need a target for `--list-columns`.
 
 ### `--header auto|always|never`
 
@@ -163,10 +337,9 @@ Lines never prints a header line.
 
 ### `--verbose`
 
-Includes extra fields in table output and final summaries. Has no effect on
-CSV, TSV, or JSON Lines output either way — those formats show their default
-all-column set or an explicit `--columns` selection exactly as given,
-regardless of `--verbose`.
+Include extra fields in table output and final summaries. CSV, TSV, and
+JSON Lines keep their default all-column set or your explicit `--columns`
+selection regardless of `--verbose`.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -176,13 +349,13 @@ irtt-client <server> --format jsonl
 irtt-client <server> --format csv --columns event,seq,remote,effective_rtt_us
 ```
 
-A stream containing only effective RTT values in microseconds:
+To print only effective RTT values in microseconds:
 
 ```sh
 irtt-client <server> --format tsv --columns effective_rtt_us --header never
 ```
 
-## MEASUREMENT FIELDS
+## Measurement fields
 
 Useful measurement columns:
 
@@ -203,90 +376,95 @@ Useful measurement columns:
 
 ### Kernel timestamps (Linux)
 
-On Linux, one-way delay estimates prefer a kernel-captured timestamp over
-userspace timing for this client's own send/receive endpoint, where the
-platform and socket support it, reducing the effect of scheduling and
-queuing delay. The peer's reported endpoint gets the same preference when it
-is the `irtt-server` applet running on Linux; against another
-IRTT-compatible server, whatever wall-clock value it reports is used as-is.
-This is best-effort: an unsupported or implausible kernel timestamp falls
-back to userspace timing. `raw_rtt_us` is unaffected either way;
-`adjusted_rtt_us`/`effective_rtt_us` can still shift slightly, since server
-processing time is derived from the same server receive endpoint.
+On Linux, the client prefers kernel timestamps for its own send/receive
+endpoint when calculating one-way delays, where the platform and socket
+support them. This reduces the effect of scheduling and queuing delay.
+The `irtt-server` applet makes the same choice for its endpoint on Linux.
+With another IRTT-compatible server, the client uses the wall-clock value
+that server reports as-is.
 
-## MEASUREMENTS AND MEMORY
+If a kernel timestamp is unsupported or implausible, timing falls back to
+userspace. This leaves `raw_rtt_us` unchanged. The
+`adjusted_rtt_us`/`effective_rtt_us` values can still shift slightly, since
+server processing time uses the same server receive endpoint.
 
-Finite and continuous modes make a different tradeoff between exact
-statistics and bounded memory.
+## Measurements and memory
 
-**Finite mode** retains exact timing samples (and adjacent-sequence IPDV
-state) so the final summary can report exact medians. Retained memory
-therefore grows with the number of probes sent, at a small constant cost per
-probe (on the order of a few hundred bytes of retained sample state per
-probe per target, before allocator overhead) — a very long finite run at a
-short interval is the case to plan capacity for. The client warns on stderr
-when its own estimate of this retained state crosses roughly 128 MiB, and
-again more strongly past roughly 512 MiB and 1 GiB; treat those numbers as
-practical guidance, not a promised RSS ceiling, since allocator and OS
-overhead sit outside the estimate.
+If the `stats` feature is compiled in and you haven't used `--no-stats`,
+the client collects statistics as described here. Disabling collection
+allocates no statistics collectors, though the client still keeps its
+bounded reply-classification state.
 
-**Continuous mode** (`--duration 0`) does not retain a growing sample
-history: running statistics keep count/min/max/mean/variance only, so exact
-medians are unavailable. It still keeps a bounded adjacent-sequence IPDV
-store, capped at 4,096 sequences per target, so nearby replies can still
-form IPDV pairs. Retained statistics state therefore approaches a fixed
-per-target bound rather than growing with elapsed run time.
+In finite mode, the client keeps exact timing samples and adjacent-sequence
+IPDV state so it can report exact medians in the final summary. Memory
+grows with the number of probes sent, at roughly a few hundred bytes per
+probe per target before allocator overhead. So if you're planning a long
+finite run with a short interval, allow for that growth.
 
-Reply classification (independent of the statistics choice above) is also
-bounded per target: each of the pending, timed-out, and completed/duplicate
-sequence stores has its own 4,096-entry limit — not one shared total across
-the three. A full pending store makes the client fail and drain that target
-as resource-exhausted rather than wait for capacity to free. Timed-out and
-completed state evict their oldest entries, so a sufficiently old late reply
-can still be seen and counted, but no longer has retained send state for
-measurements such as RTT.
+The client prints a warning on stderr when its estimate of retained state
+crosses roughly 128 MiB, with stronger warnings past roughly 512 MiB and
+1 GiB. These are useful planning figures, but they don't promise an RSS
+ceiling: allocator and OS overhead are outside the estimate.
 
-Overall, retained state scales with the **number of configured targets**
-and these fixed per-target limits, not with total probes sent in continuous
-mode. Output is written as events arrive rather than accumulated; the
-managed event stream feeding it is itself bounded and lossy (16,384 events),
-so a sufficiently slow consumer can miss events, in which case the client
-reports that resulting output/statistics may be incomplete.
+In continuous mode (`--duration 0`), running statistics keep only
+count/min/max/mean/variance, so exact medians are unavailable. The client
+still keeps up to 4,096 sequences per target for adjacent-sequence IPDV
+pairs. Statistics memory approaches a fixed limit per target as the run
+continues.
+
+Reply classification has its own bounds, regardless of whether you collect
+statistics. Each target has separate pending, timed-out, and
+completed/duplicate sequence stores, each with a 4,096-entry limit. If the
+pending store fills, the client fails and drains that target as
+resource-exhausted. It does not wait for space to free up.
+
+The timed-out and completed stores evict their oldest entries. A very late
+reply can still be seen and counted after eviction, but without its retained
+send state the client cannot calculate measurements such as RTT.
+
+In continuous mode, retained state scales with the number of configured
+targets and these fixed limits per target. The client writes output as
+events arrive. The managed event stream has a 16,384-event capacity and can
+drop events if the consumer falls behind. If that happens, the client
+reports that output and statistics may be incomplete.
 
 For capacity planning on constrained devices (for example an OpenWrt
 router): a finite run's statistics memory is roughly proportional to
 `targets × probes_sent`, while a continuous run's statistics memory
 approaches a fixed multiple of `targets` regardless of how long it runs.
 
-## PEER CLOSE AND EXIT BEHAVIOR
+## Peer close and exit behavior
 
-A peer closing a finite run is accepted as a terminal, successful outcome.
-In continuous mode, an uninterrupted peer closure is treated as an error —
-the client exits nonzero — so a process supervisor can restart it; an
-interrupted run (`Ctrl-C`) never reports peer closure as an error, whichever
-mode it was in.
+If a peer closes a finite run, the client treats that as successful
+completion. In continuous mode without `--reconnect`, a peer closure ends
+an uninterrupted run with a nonzero exit status so a process supervisor
+can restart it. If you interrupted the run (`Ctrl-C`), peer closure is
+never reported as an error in either mode.
 
-With `--targets-stdin`, peer closure is target-local: other desired targets
-and the stdin controller continue running. Including that target in a later
-complete set starts a fresh generation.
+With `--reconnect`, a desired target reopens automatically after peer closure.
+Without recovery, `--targets-stdin` makes peer closure target-local: other
+desired targets and the stdin controller continue running. Including that
+target in a later complete set starts a fresh generation.
 
-## EXIT STATUS
+## Exit status
 
-`0` on success (including a finite run's ordinary completion, and an
-interrupted run of either mode). Nonzero if the managed driver failed, if an
-uninterrupted continuous run ended by peer closure, or if the run was not
-interrupted and no target completed successfully. An interrupted run never
-fails on the last of these conditions — for example, interrupting a
-continuous run whose only target never opened still exits `0`.
+The client exits `0` on success, including normal finite completion and
+interrupted runs in either mode. It exits nonzero if the managed driver
+fails, an uninterrupted continuous run ends by peer closure, or no target
+completes successfully in an uninterrupted run.
 
-## SERVER FILL REQUEST
+Interrupting the run prevents the last condition from counting as a failure.
+For example, if you interrupt a continuous run whose only target never
+opened, it still exits `0`.
+
+## Server fill request
 
 `--sfill DESCRIPTOR` requests the server's echo-reply payload fill: `none`
 (zero-filled), `rand` (random bytes), or `pattern:HEX` (a repeating
-hexadecimal pattern). See `irtt-server(1)` SERVER FILL for what the server
-does with an unset or unparseable request.
+hexadecimal pattern). See the Server fill section in `irtt-server(1)` for
+what the server does with an unset or unparseable request.
 
-## EXAMPLES
+## Examples
 
 ```sh
 irtt-client netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112
@@ -295,7 +473,7 @@ irtt-client netperf-eu.bufferbloat.net:2112 --duration 0
 irtt-client host-a:2112 host-b:2112 --pacing burst
 ```
 
-## SEE ALSO
+## See also
 
 `irtt-tui(1)`, `irtt-server(1)`, `irtt-rs(1)`, and `irtt-client --help` for
 the full option list, including HMAC, clock/timestamp negotiation, DSCP, and

docs/irtt-rs.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # irtt-rs
 
-## NAME
+## Name
 
 irtt-rs - IRTT-compatible multi-applet dispatcher
 
-## SYNOPSIS
+## Synopsis
 
 `irtt-rs` `client` [*OPTIONS*] [*[LABEL=]TARGET*]...
 
@@ -12,53 +12,54 @@ irtt-rs - IRTT-compatible multi-applet dispatcher
 
 `irtt-rs` `server` [*OPTIONS*]
 
-## DESCRIPTION
+## Description
 
-`irtt-rs` is a multicall dispatcher: one binary that runs the client, TUI,
-or server applet depending on the subcommand given, or on the name it was
-invoked/copied as. It exists for router-friendly single-binary deployment;
-it does not add behavior beyond what `irtt-client(1)`, `irtt-tui(1)`, and
-`irtt-server(1)` already provide.
+`irtt-rs` lets you run the client, TUI, or server from one binary. You choose
+the applet with a subcommand, or by the name you invoke or copy the binary
+as. This is useful on a router where you want a single binary to deploy.
+The applets behave the same as `irtt-client(1)`, `irtt-tui(1)`, and
+`irtt-server(1)`.
 
-Each subcommand behaves exactly like its dedicated binary — `irtt-rs client
-...` is equivalent to running `irtt-client ...` directly. See those manuals
-for target syntax, options, output, and exit behavior.
+For example, `irtt-rs client ...` does the same thing as running `irtt-client ...` directly. See the
+individual manuals for target syntax, options, output, and exit behavior.
 
-## APPLET BINARY NAMES
+## Applet binary names
 
-The build also produces dedicated binaries: `irtt-client`, `irtt-tui`, and
-`irtt-server`. A dedicated binary always runs its own role, regardless of
-what it is invoked or copied as — it does not consult argv0 dispatch logic.
+The build also produces dedicated `irtt-client`, `irtt-tui`, and
+`irtt-server` binaries. These always run their own applet, even if you copy
+or invoke them under a different name. They do not use argv0 to choose an
+applet.
 
-`irtt-rs` itself inspects argv0 first: if invoked (or symlinked/copied) under
-one of the recognized applet names — `irtt-client`, `irtt-tui`, or
-`irtt-server` — it runs that applet directly, without needing a subcommand.
-Any other name starting with `irtt-` (other than `irtt-rs` itself) is
-rejected as an unknown applet name before subcommand parsing is even
-attempted — `irtt-custom server` is a hard error, not a fallthrough. Only
-`irtt-rs` itself, or a name that doesn't start with `irtt-` at all, falls
-through to ordinary `client`/`tui`/`server` subcommand parsing.
+The `irtt-rs` dispatcher checks argv0 first. If you invoke it through a
+symlink or copy named `irtt-client`, `irtt-tui`, or `irtt-server`, it runs
+that applet without a subcommand.
 
-## FEATURE-DEPENDENT APPLET AVAILABILITY
+Other names starting with `irtt-`, except `irtt-rs` itself, are rejected
+before subcommands are parsed. So `irtt-custom server` fails with an unknown
+applet error. If the name is `irtt-rs`, or doesn't start with `irtt-`, the
+dispatcher parses the usual `client`/`tui`/`server` subcommands.
 
-Each applet is gated by a Cargo feature on the `irtt-rs` package: `client`,
-`tui`, `server`. All three are in the default feature set. A build with a
-feature disabled still produces the `irtt-rs` binary, but that applet is
-unavailable at runtime — running it (by subcommand or by binary name)
-reports which feature to rebuild with, and `irtt-rs --help` lists which
-applets the current build actually contains.
+## Feature-dependent applet availability
+
+Each applet has a Cargo feature on the `irtt-rs` package: `client`,
+`tui`, `server`. All three are enabled by default. If you disable one, the
+build still produces `irtt-rs`, but you cannot run that applet. Trying it
+through either a subcommand or a binary name tells you which feature to
+rebuild with. Use `irtt-rs --help` to see which applets your build includes.
 
 ```sh
-cargo install irtt-rs --locked --no-default-features --features client
+cargo install irtt-rs --locked --no-default-features --features client,stats
 ```
 
-## RELATIONSHIP TO irtt-client, irtt-tui, irtt-server
+Use `--features client` to omit statistics. The default build includes the
+`stats` feature, and `tui` always enables it.
 
-`irtt-rs` is packaging and dispatch only. All probing, display, and server
-behavior lives in `irtt-client(1)`, `irtt-tui(1)`, and `irtt-server(1)` —
-consult those manuals for anything observable about running a probe or
-serving one.
+## Relationship to irtt-client, irtt-tui, irtt-server
 
-## SEE ALSO
+The `irtt-rs` dispatcher handles packaging and applet selection. For how to run
+probes, use the dashboard, or serve requests, see `irtt-client(1)`,
+`irtt-tui(1)`, and `irtt-server(1)`.
+
+## See also
 
 `irtt-client(1)`, `irtt-tui(1)`, `irtt-server(1)`.

docs/irtt-server.md

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 # irtt-server
 
-## NAME
+## Name
 
 irtt-server - IRTT-compatible UDP server
 
-## SYNOPSIS
+## Synopsis
 
 `irtt-server` [`--bind` *ADDR*]... [*OPTIONS*]
 
 `irtt-rs server` [`--bind` *ADDR*]... [*OPTIONS*]
 
-## DESCRIPTION
+## Description
 
-`irtt-server` answers IRTT echo requests over UDP. It is thin orchestration
-over the reusable `irtt-server` library: one current-thread Tokio runtime,
-one or more listeners, and the library's own session/policy logic.
+`irtt-server` answers IRTT echo requests over UDP. It uses the reusable
+`irtt-server` library for sessions and policy, with one current-thread
+Tokio runtime running one or more listeners.
 
-Run with no arguments for the ordinary case:
+To start a server with the defaults, run:
 
 ```sh
 irtt-server
@@ -28,34 +28,31 @@ wildcard address for both address families, in this fixed order:
 1. `[::]:2112`
 2. `0.0.0.0:2112`
 
-This is available wherever the platform supports safe wildcard reply-source
-selection (see [Wildcard binds](#wildcard-binds) below). Any explicit
-`--bind` **replaces** this default pair entirely rather than adding to it —
-`irtt-server --bind 127.0.0.1:2112` binds only that one address.
+The defaults work on platforms that support wildcard reply-source
+selection (see [Wildcard binds](#wildcard-binds)). If you supply any
+`--bind`, it replaces both defaults. For example,
+`irtt-server --bind 127.0.0.1:2112` listens only on that address.
 
-If one of the two default addresses cannot be bound because its address
-family itself has no local support at all — IPv6 disabled on an otherwise
-IPv4-capable host, for example — the server falls back to serving just the
-other one instead of failing outright, and says so on startup. Any other
-reason a default listener fails — the port already in use, permission
-denied, no safe wildcard reply-source path — is not a family-support
-problem and is not silently worked around; the invocation fails as it would
-for an explicit `--bind`. This fallback applies only to the implicit default
-pair: an explicit `--bind` list always keeps the ordinary all-or-nothing
-behavior described below.
+If the host has no support for one address family, for example because IPv6
+is disabled, the server uses the other default listener and tells you on
+startup. Other bind failures still stop startup. This includes a port
+already in use, permission denied, or a platform without safe wildcard
+reply-source selection.
 
-## OPTIONS
+The address-family fallback only applies to the default pair. An explicit
+`--bind` list always uses the all-or-nothing behavior described below.
+
+## Options
 
 ### `--bind ADDR`
 
-Local UDP address to bind, as `ADDR:PORT`, for example `127.0.0.1:2112` or
-`[::1]:2112`. Host names are not resolved. Repeatable.
+Use `ADDR:PORT` to choose a local UDP address, for example `127.0.0.1:2112`
+or `[::1]:2112`. Hostnames are not resolved.
 
-Repeat the option to serve several addresses from one process, in the order
-given. Every listener applies the same policy options, but each keeps its
-own sessions and tokens, so a session belongs to the address it was opened
-on. Binding is all-or-nothing: if any address cannot be bound, none are
-served.
+Repeat `--bind` to serve several addresses from one process, in the order
+given. Every listener uses the same policy options, but keeps its own
+sessions and tokens. A session belongs to the address it was opened on.
+Binding is all-or-nothing: if any address cannot be bound, none are served.
 
 A port of `0` selects an unused port per listener, so two such binds get two
 different ports.
@@ -63,70 +60,75 @@ different ports.
 With no `--bind` at all, see [Description](#description) above for the
 default wildcard pair and the address-family fallback it allows.
 
-When reply DSCP/traffic-class marking for IPv4 peers matters, do not configure
-one explicit dual-stack `[::]:PORT` listener by itself. On Linux, IPv4 peers
-served through that socket are IPv4-mapped and their replies cannot retain the
-negotiated marking. Configure the ordinary paired `[::]:PORT` and
-`0.0.0.0:PORT` listeners instead; the IPv6 listener is made IPv6-only for that
-same-port pair, so each family uses the correct socket option. This is a
-configuration workaround, not a reason to force `IPV6_V6ONLY` for every lone
-IPv6 listener.
+If you need DSCP/traffic-class marking on replies to IPv4 peers, use care
+with a lone dual-stack `[::]:PORT` listener. On Linux, those peers use
+IPv4-mapped addresses and their replies cannot retain the negotiated
+marking. Use paired `[::]:PORT` and `0.0.0.0:PORT` listeners on the same
+port. The server makes the IPv6 listener IPv6-only for that pair, so each
+family gets the correct socket option. A lone IPv6 listener keeps its usual
+behavior; the server does not force `IPV6_V6ONLY` on it.
 
 ### `--hmac KEY`
 
-HMAC key, taken as the UTF-8 bytes of this argument. With a key configured,
-every request must carry a valid MAC and every reply is authenticated;
-without one, authenticated requests are dropped. The key is visible in the
-process arguments.
+You can use a plain-text key or a hexadecimal key prefixed with `0x`.
+For example, `secret` and `0x736563726574` are equivalent. The
+`IRTT_SERVER_HMAC` environment variable accepts the same syntax.
+
+With a key configured, every request must carry a valid MAC and the server
+authenticates every reply. Without a key, the server drops authenticated
+requests. A key passed on the command line is visible in the process
+arguments.
 
 ### `--max-sessions COUNT`
 
-Maximum number of simultaneously live sessions **per listener**, not per
-process. Once a listener's table is full, a session-creating open to it is
-dropped silently; nothing is evicted. Zero refuses every session-creating
-open.
+Set the maximum number of live sessions per listener. This limit applies
+to each listener separately, so the process can have more sessions in total.
+Once a listener's table is full, it silently drops opens that would create
+a session and keeps the existing sessions. Zero refuses every open that
+would create a session.
 
 ### `--max-packet-length BYTES`
 
-Maximum echo datagram size a session may negotiate, in bytes. A longer
-requested length is reduced during negotiation, an open whose mandatory
-field block would not fit is refused, and inbound echo requests are admitted
-against the same limit. This is a resource bound, not an MTU.
+Set the maximum echo datagram size a session may negotiate, in bytes. The
+server reduces longer requests during negotiation and refuses an open if
+its mandatory fields would not fit. Incoming echo requests must fit the
+same limit. Use this to bound resource use; it does not set the network MTU.
 
 ### `--min-interval DURATION`
 
-Floor on the send interval a session may negotiate. The negotiated interval
-is still capped at a quarter of the idle timeout afterwards, so a
-`--min-interval` above that cap is not the value actually negotiated.
+Set the minimum send interval a session may negotiate. The server then caps
+the negotiated interval at a quarter of the idle timeout, so a
+`--min-interval` above that cap will be reduced.
 
-A session's reply allowance refills at the shorter of this configured floor
-and the interval it actually negotiated. Ordinarily that is the configured
-floor itself, since the negotiated interval is normally at least as long —
-a 10ms `--min-interval` against a 1s negotiated interval refills every
-10ms. The two differ only when the idle-timeout cap above pulled the
-negotiated interval below the configured floor, in which case the shorter,
-negotiated value is what the allowance actually refills at: a server must
-not enforce a cadence it did not advertise to the client. Use `0` for no
-time-based throttling.
+The session's reply allowance refills at the shorter of the configured
+minimum and the negotiated interval. Usually this is the configured
+minimum: a 10ms `--min-interval` with a 1s negotiated interval refills every
+10ms.
+
+If the idle-timeout cap reduces the negotiated interval below the configured
+minimum, the allowance refills at that shorter interval too. This keeps the
+server from enforcing a slower cadence than it told the client to use.
+Use `0` for no time-based throttling.
 
 ### `--burst COUNT`
 
-Echo replies one session may have answered before its allowance has to
-refill. Use `0` for no allowance at all, which rate-limits every echo
-request whatever the interval is.
+Set how many echo replies a session can send before its allowance needs to
+refill. Use `0` for no allowance, which rate-limits every
+echo request regardless of the interval.
 
 ### `--idle-timeout DURATION`
 
 Release a session after this long without a served or rate-limited echo
-request. The deadline runs from the open, and release is silent. Use `0` to
-expire a session at the next evaluation; it is not a way to disable expiry.
+request. The timeout starts at open, and the server releases the session
+without sending a close. If you use `0`, the session expires at the next
+evaluation; zero does not disable expiry.
 
 ### `--max-duration DURATION`
 
-Maximum test duration a session may negotiate. A longer request is reduced
-to it, and a continuous request is answered with it. Omit this flag for no
-maximum; a maximum of zero cannot be expressed, because a negotiated
-duration of zero means continuous.
+Set the maximum test duration a session may negotiate. The server reduces
+longer requests to this value and uses it for continuous requests too.
+Leave the flag out if you don't want a maximum. You cannot set a maximum of
+zero, since a negotiated duration of zero means continuous.
 
 ### `--timestamp-allowance MODE`
 
@@ -146,13 +148,12 @@ and they are sent unmarked. The session is not refused.
 Durations everywhere in this command accept an integer followed by a unit:
 `ms`, `s`, or `m`.
 
-## ENVIRONMENT
+## Environment
 
-Every option above can also be supplied through an environment variable, for
-deployments that configure by environment rather than by command line
-(containers, orchestrators, unit files). A flag given on the command line
-overrides the corresponding variable entirely; an unset variable leaves the
-built-in default in place.
+You can also set each option through an environment variable, which is
+useful for containers, orchestrators, and unit files. A command-line flag
+overrides the corresponding variable entirely. If neither is set, the
+server uses its built-in default.
 
 | Variable | Option |
 | --- | --- |
@@ -175,10 +176,10 @@ more than one address needs repeated `--bind` options.
 an empty value leave traffic-class marking enabled; any other value disables
 it, and an unset variable leaves it enabled.
 
-## OUTPUT
+## Output
 
-Each bound endpoint is printed on startup, once every listener is up, which
-also resolves a port of `0`:
+Once every listener is up, the server prints each bound endpoint. If you
+requested port `0`, this shows which port was assigned:
 
 ```
 irtt-server: listening on [::]:2112
@@ -187,21 +188,22 @@ irtt-server: listening on 0.0.0.0:2112
 
 `Ctrl-C` stops the server gracefully.
 
-## MULTIPLE LISTENERS
+## Multiple listeners
 
-Every invocation runs through the same multi-listener path, so one address —
-whether from the default pair or a single explicit `--bind` — is an ordinary
-set of one rather than a separate mode. The policy options above apply to
-every listener, but listeners are otherwise independent: each has its own
-sessions and tokens, and `--max-sessions` bounds each listener rather than
-the process. If any listener fails while running, the others are shut down
-with it rather than leaving a service configured for two families answering
-on one.
+The server manages listeners the same way whether you have one or several,
+including when only one address from the default pair is available or you
+supply a single `--bind`. Each listener uses the same policy options, but
+keeps its own sessions and tokens. The `--max-sessions` limit applies to
+each listener separately.
+
+If any listener fails while running, the server shuts down the others too.
+So a service configured for both address families won't carry on answering
+on just one after a listener failure.
 
 Wildcard IPv4 and IPv6 listeners may share one port, as the default pair
 does.
 
-## SERVER FILL
+## Server fill
 
 Echo replies fill their payload according to the negotiated `ServerFill`
 mode, which a client requests with `irtt-client`'s `--sfill` (see
@@ -211,11 +213,11 @@ mode, which a client requests with `irtt-client`'s `--sfill` (see
 - `rand`: random bytes.
 - `pattern:HEX`: the given repeating hexadecimal pattern.
 
-Every valid descriptor is honored. A descriptor the server cannot parse, and
-a client that expresses no fill preference at all, both get the default
-`pattern:69727474`, i.e. the repeating bytes `69 72 74 74` (`irtt`).
+The server honors every valid descriptor. If it cannot parse the descriptor,
+or the client sends no fill preference, it uses `pattern:69727474`: the
+repeating bytes `69 72 74 74` (`irtt`).
 
-## WILDCARD BINDS
+## Wildcard binds
 
 An explicit interface address works on every supported system. A wildcard
 bind such as `0.0.0.0:2112` or `[::]:2112` reads each request's local
@@ -223,14 +225,13 @@ destination from packet metadata and sends that request's reply from the
 same address, so a client on a multi-homed host is answered from the
 endpoint it actually contacted.
 
-That reply-source selection is implemented on **Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD**.
-Elsewhere, a wildcard bind is refused at construction rather than served
-from a routing-table-selected source address a client would discard — this
-also applies to the zero-argument default, which will fail with a clear
-error asking for an explicit `--bind` on such a platform. This correctness
-rule is deliberate and is not weakened by the zero-argument default.
+Reply-source selection is supported on Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. On other
+platforms, the server refuses wildcard binds because the routing table
+could select a source address the client would discard. This also means
+running without arguments fails on those platforms, with an error asking
+you to supply an explicit `--bind`.
 
-## EXAMPLES
+## Examples
 
 Run with the default wildcard listeners on the standard port:
 
@@ -282,19 +283,19 @@ Require authentication:
 irtt-server --bind 192.0.2.10:2112 --hmac secret
 ```
 
-## EXIT STATUS
+## Exit status
 
 `0` on a clean shutdown (`Ctrl-C`), nonzero if binding fails or a listener
 fails while running.
 
-## LIMITATIONS
+## Limitations
 
 - No hostname resolution, interface expansion, daemonization, or
-  configuration file — binds are explicit addresses only.
+  configuration file. Binds must use explicit addresses.
 - Wildcard reply-source selection is unavailable outside Linux, macOS, and
   FreeBSD; such platforms must bind explicit addresses.
 
-## SEE ALSO
+## See also
 
 `irtt-client(1)`, `irtt-tui(1)`, `irtt-rs(1)`, and `irtt-server --help` for
 the full option list.

docs/irtt-tui.md

@@ -1,39 +1,77 @@
 # irtt-tui
 
-## NAME
+## Name
 
 irtt-tui - IRTT-compatible terminal UI client
 
-## SYNOPSIS
+## Synopsis
 
 `irtt-tui` [*OPTIONS*] *[LABEL=]TARGET*...
 
-## DESCRIPTION
+## Description
 
-`irtt-tui` is a live dashboard over the same probing engine as
-`irtt-client(1)`: a graph and status view instead of a printed event stream.
-At least one target is required.
+`irtt-tui` gives you a live graph and status dashboard using the same probing
+engine as `irtt-client(1)`. You need at least one target to start it.
 
-Target syntax, multiple targets, and pacing are identical to
-`irtt-client(1)` — see that manual for `[LABEL=]TARGET` syntax and the
-`--pacing staggered|burst` option. The full set of negotiation flags
-(`--interval`, `--length`, `--hmac`, `--clock`, `--tstamp`, `--stats`,
-`--sfill`, `--dscp`, `--ttl`, `--loose`) is shared with `irtt-client` as
-well; consult that manual for their meaning.
+Targets and pacing work the same as in `irtt-client(1)`. See that manual
+for `[LABEL=]TARGET` syntax, multiple targets, and the
+`--pacing staggered|burst` option. The configuration flags
+(`--interval`, `--timeouts`, `--length`, `--hmac`, `--clock`, `--tstamp`,
+`--stats`, `--sfill`, `--dscp`, `--ttl`, `--loose`) are also shared with
+`irtt-client`, so the same descriptions apply.
 
-## CONTINUOUS DEFAULT
+Address-family controls are shared too: `-4` / `--ipv4` uses IPv4 only,
+`-6` / `--ipv6` uses IPv6 only, and `--dual-stack` gives each available family
+of a hostname its own measurement row and graph series. These switches are
+mutually exclusive. Explicit IP literals remain single targets; a literal
+conflicting with `-4` or `-6` is rejected before the dashboard starts.
 
-Unlike `irtt-client`, **the TUI defaults to continuous mode**
-(`--duration 0`): it runs until you quit. Pass an explicit `--duration` for
-a finite run:
+```sh
+irtt-tui -4 uk-cov1.irtt.lochnair.net
+irtt-tui --dual-stack cov=uk-cov1.irtt.lochnair.net
+```
+
+The second command creates `cov/v4` and/or `cov/v6` according to the system
+resolver's initial results, letting you compare the two paths directly.
+See the client manual's address-family section for discovery errors and labels.
+
+## Continuous default
+
+The TUI defaults to continuous mode (`--duration 0`) and runs until you
+quit. If you're used to `irtt-client`, which defaults to a finite run,
+keep that difference in mind. To set a finite run, pass an explicit
+`--duration`. Both `--duration` and `--interval` use the
+[client duration syntax](irtt-client.md#finite-versus-continuous-operation),
+including fractional values (`2.5s`), composite values (`1m30s`), and units
+from nanoseconds (`ns`) through hours (`h`):
 
 ```sh
 irtt-tui <server> --duration 30s
 ```
 
-## DASHBOARD
+In continuous mode, the TUI reconnects after a target fails, the peer closes
+the session, or the session ends because the server limited its duration.
+After a 1.5-second delay, it groups completed targets into one retry while
+healthy sessions keep running. Even if every target fails, the TUI stays
+open until you quit.
 
-One dashboard is used for every target count and terminal size. It shows:
+Explicit stops, removed or replaced targets, and no-test completion do not
+trigger retries. Quitting cancels any pending retry work.
+
+With `--dual-stack`, a failed family reconnects independently while its healthy
+sibling continues. Reconnect resolves the original hostname again within the
+target's family. It does not discover additional families or pin the address
+returned by initial discovery.
+
+Reconnecting keeps the target in the same row. Statistics reset when a new
+session generation is accepted, including attempts that fail before opening.
+The TUI keeps graph history and the age of the last actual reply, with a
+gap in the graph between generations.
+
+## Dashboard
+
+The dashboard uses the same layout for any target count and terminal size.
+It shows:
 
 - Run status, elapsed time, and finite duration or continuous mode.
 - The selected target's label and remote address, plus latest signed
@@ -43,30 +81,32 @@ One dashboard is used for every target count and terminal size. It shows:
 - A graph overlaying all targets, with matching target colors and a visible
   live/history indicator and window size.
 
-An active session with no primary replies shows `waiting`. Reply age makes a
-stale RTT distinguishable from a fresh measurement. Loss follows the shared
-statistics collector: outstanding sends can temporarily contribute to the
-cumulative loss estimate. Jitter is `-` until an IPDV pair is available.
+An active session shows `waiting` until it gets a primary reply. Check the
+reply age to see how fresh the displayed RTT is. The loss estimate comes
+from the shared statistics collector, so outstanding sends can temporarily
+count towards cumulative loss. Jitter stays `-` until an IPDV pair is
+available.
 
-`Tab` / `Shift-Tab` selects a target, bringing its row into view when necessary.
-Up to six target rows are shown; smaller terminals show fewer. Selecting a target
-changes the identification, one-way summary and details; the graph continues to
-compare every target.
+Use `Tab` / `Shift-Tab` to select a target and bring its row into view.
+The dashboard shows up to six target rows, with fewer on smaller terminals.
+Selecting a target changes the identification, one-way summary, and details.
+The graph still compares every target.
 
-`d` opens a details sheet in the graph's space. It contains the selected target's
-session and negotiation, packet counters, progress, latest timing sample, full
-timing statistics, warnings, and recent events from all targets. Scroll it with
-the arrows or page keys. Long lines and timing columns can be read with horizontal
-scrolling, including full labels and remote addresses that do not fit in the
-header. `d` or `Esc` returns to the graph, preserving its metric and viewport.
-The former large/compact Dashboard screens have been replaced by this sheet;
-`g` remains an alias for `d`.
+Press `d` to open details in the graph's space. You'll find the selected
+target's session and negotiation, packet counters, progress, latest timing
+sample, full timing statistics, and warnings, along with recent events
+from all targets.
 
-The minimum terminal size is 56 columns by 18 rows. Below that size the UI asks
-for a resize and continues acquiring measurements. Resize and important status
-redraws still work while the display is paused.
+Scroll with the arrows or page keys. You can scroll horizontally to read
+long lines and timing columns, including labels and remote addresses that
+don't fit in the header. Press `d` or `Esc` to return to the graph with its
+metric and viewport preserved. You can also use `g` as an alias for `d`.
 
-## CONTROLS
+You need a terminal at least 56 columns wide and 18 rows tall. Below that
+size, the TUI asks you to resize while continuing to collect measurements.
+Resizing and important status redraws still work when the display is paused.
+
+## Controls
 
 | Key | Action |
 | --- | --- |
@@ -88,39 +128,55 @@ redraws still work while the display is paused.
 The six graph metrics are effective RTT, raw RTT, adjusted RTT,
 client-to-server delay, server-to-client delay, and server processing time.
 Signed effective/adjusted RTT and one-way values are preserved. Graph windows
-range from 5 seconds to one hour and default to one minute. The footer shows
+range from 5 seconds to 24 hours and default to one minute. The footer shows
 controls appropriate to the currently open graph or details sheet.
 
-## RETAINED HISTORY
+## Retained history
 
-The TUI keeps its own bounded presentation state on top of the statistics
-retention described in `irtt-client(1)`:
+Along with the statistics described in `irtt-client(1)`, the TUI keeps
+some history for the display:
 
-- Up to 100,000 graph samples per target.
+- Up to 500,000 graph samples per target.
 - Up to 80 recent status/log messages.
 
-`r` clears graph history for all targets and returns the viewport to
-live; it does not change the 100,000-sample cap itself. These are
-presentation bounds on top of the client's own statistics retention (see
-`irtt-client(1)` MEASUREMENTS AND MEMORY) — a long continuous TUI session's
-total memory is dominated by whichever of the two is larger for your target
-count.
+At 500,000 replies per target, you get approximately 13h53m20s of history
+with 100ms intervals, 27h46m40s at 200ms, or 5d18h53m20s at 1s. Each graph
+sample stores both clocks, six values ready for graphing, and a flag marking
+session boundaries. The latest details keep the full typed timing values
+and sequence number.
 
-A **finite** `--duration` TUI run retains exact statistics samples exactly as
-`irtt-client(1)` does in finite mode, so its retained state grows with the
-probe count rather than approaching a bound. Unlike `irtt-client`, the TUI
-prints **no** memory warning when that estimate gets large: it owns the
-alternate screen, and a stderr warning there would be invisible or would
-corrupt the display. Size a long finite TUI run from the figures in
-`irtt-client(1)` MEASUREMENTS AND MEMORY, or use the continuous default.
+On 64-bit macOS, each retained sample takes 88 bytes, giving about 42 MiB
+per target at the cap. Statistics and temporary rendering buffers use
+additional memory. History grows as needed and reserves exactly to the
+cap on its final growth step, so you don't pay for the full history of
+every target at startup.
 
-## EXIT BEHAVIOR
+Press `r` to clear graph history for all targets and return to the live
+view. This leaves the 500,000-sample cap unchanged. Display history is kept
+in addition to the client's statistics (see Measurements and memory in
+`irtt-client(1)`). During a long continuous TUI session, whichever uses more
+memory for your target count will dominate the total.
 
-Quitting with `q` or `Ctrl-C` is an interrupted, successful exit. Otherwise,
-exit status follows the same peer-close and driver-failure rules as
-`irtt-client(1)`.
+If you set a finite `--duration`, the TUI retains exact statistics samples
+just as `irtt-client(1)` does in finite mode. Memory then grows with the
+probe count. The TUI does not print the memory warnings you get from
+`irtt-client`, since a stderr warning on the alternate screen could be
+invisible or corrupt the display. For a long finite run, plan memory using
+the figures in `irtt-client(1)` under Measurements and memory, or use the
+continuous default.
 
-## EXAMPLES
+## Exit behavior
+
+Quitting with `q` or `Ctrl-C` counts as an interrupted, successful exit.
+In continuous mode, the TUI reconnects after peer closure and target failures.
+A managed driver failure or an unexpected reconnect-update failure still
+ends the run with an error.
+
+Finite runs do not reconnect. They complete after their target sessions end;
+a peer closure is a normal session ending, while a run whose targets all fail
+exits with an error.
+
+## Examples
 
 ```sh
 irtt-tui host.example
@@ -129,7 +185,7 @@ irtt-tui eu=host-a.example us=host-b.example --pacing burst
 irtt-tui host.example --duration 30s
 ```
 
-## SEE ALSO
+## See also
 
 `irtt-client(1)` for target syntax, pacing, negotiation flags, and
 finite/continuous memory behavior; `irtt-server(1)`; `irtt-rs(1)`.

fuzz/Cargo.lock

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ version = 4
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arbitrary"
-version = "1.4.2"
+version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3d036a3c4ab069c7b410a2ce876bd74808d2d0888a82667669f8e783a898bf1"
+checksum = "3bc62ac97cc33321f50863d514c3bc38a453947a8f9e781137e47c7401020aed"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f74872d07caf508b30a21f6836e7d7016a2eaf7d9ff4f48deaa58cd8a0407630"
+checksum = "86e055fa6e3e40ad6187ba25b6855eeb635d5271f8e0f0e1e9a5826b8d75bea0"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "jobserver",
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ctutils"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d5515a3834141de9eafb9717ad39eea8247b5674e6066c404e8c4b365d2a29e"
+checksum = "fe3e9d21d39e6f39ff46e03d5b621424f88ee23d8a1672c6bfc9ccc7f2da4f6a"
 dependencies = [
  "cmov",
 ]
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "find-msvc-tools"
-version = "0.1.14"
+version = "0.1.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aedcfb3409746eddb02b9e19ebda1c3394f759a152e48ee875a0844d1b955484"
+checksum = "1c66915cc5391097de7a2b0b972e8505aa33c0df401fd3a6811dbdb32881ba48"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "irtt-proto"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 dependencies = [
  "hmac",
  "md-5",
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "irtt-server"
-version = "0.5.3"
+version = "0.5.4"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "irtt-proto",
@@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.190"
+version = "0.2.191"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ce5d3ddc6d3fa000eb1536d85e147bfe31aacaba692ed6a876f95cb7c855be78"
+checksum = "65cd87c9a6d60536580b316ad985726104730a5151c99845f2490428ef91240a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libfuzzer-sys"
@@ -285,9 +285,9 @@ checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "3.0.6"
+version = "3.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8593e8e72159ed2257d083c7a454a85cbf854f37a0966d8d483aff8c8a3ebcee"
+checksum = "d78c8dee4c7bf0e14673097256fed6142ce9d3b85a408189d07482442145823b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -316,9 +316,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.53.2"
+version = "1.54.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e95f91fcc7a621e8b030f6aa23c71fe9838ae2fb4d8118b75602a328f5144044"
+checksum = "b52fd3255258d26fac7264ab5a76b53c13367136dc011d3d6ad4f8ed070396a3"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "mio",
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ checksum = "b6f5e870be6c3b371b77fe0ee0bafb859fa4964b4404c27de1d380043c4dda20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.26"
+version = "1.0.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d245f478577f809a851594d02313b640fb437e0bb33866753cff937863096954"
+checksum = "a2c754d6c33795a1c324727428e5a7dedb5b06195f9890bdbcba760d3e246563"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"

fuzz/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 cargo-fuzz = true
 
 [dependencies]
-arbitrary = "1.4.2"
+arbitrary = "1.5.0"
 libfuzzer-sys = "0.4.13"
 
 [dependencies.irtt-proto]

scripts/run_netem_interop_ci.py

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ def select_scenarios(args: argparse.Namespace) -> list[Scenario]:
 def preflight(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
     if platform.system() != "Linux":
         raise RuntimeError("netem interop requires Linux network namespaces and tc netem")
-    for binary in ["ip", "tc"]:
+    for binary in ["ip", "tc", "nsenter"]:
         if shutil.which(binary) is None:
             raise RuntimeError(f"required command not found in PATH: {binary}")
     if args.sudo and shutil.which(args.sudo) is None:
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ def sudo_prefix(args: argparse.Namespace) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def netns(args: argparse.Namespace, namespace: str, command: list[str]) -> list[str]:
-    return [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "netns", "exec", namespace, *command]
+    return [*sudo_prefix(args), "nsenter", f"--net=/run/netns/{namespace}", "--", *command]
 
 
 def run_checked(
@@ -300,12 +300,12 @@ def setup_namespaces(args: argparse.Namespace, run_dir: Path) -> None:
         [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "link", "add", CLIENT_VETH, "type", "veth", "peer", "name", SERVER_VETH],
         [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "link", "set", CLIENT_VETH, "netns", CLIENT_NS],
         [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "link", "set", SERVER_VETH, "netns", SERVER_NS],
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "-n", CLIENT_NS, "addr", "add", CLIENT_ADDR, "dev", CLIENT_VETH],
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "-n", SERVER_NS, "addr", "add", SERVER_ADDR, "dev", SERVER_VETH],
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "-n", CLIENT_NS, "link", "set", "lo", "up"],
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "-n", SERVER_NS, "link", "set", "lo", "up"],
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "-n", CLIENT_NS, "link", "set", CLIENT_VETH, "up"],
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "-n", SERVER_NS, "link", "set", SERVER_VETH, "up"],
+        netns(args, CLIENT_NS, ["ip", "addr", "add", CLIENT_ADDR, "dev", CLIENT_VETH]),
+        netns(args, SERVER_NS, ["ip", "addr", "add", SERVER_ADDR, "dev", SERVER_VETH]),
+        netns(args, CLIENT_NS, ["ip", "link", "set", "lo", "up"]),
+        netns(args, SERVER_NS, ["ip", "link", "set", "lo", "up"]),
+        netns(args, CLIENT_NS, ["ip", "link", "set", CLIENT_VETH, "up"]),
+        netns(args, SERVER_NS, ["ip", "link", "set", SERVER_VETH, "up"]),
     ]
     for index, command in enumerate(commands):
         run_checked(command, run_dir / "setup" / f"{index:02d}")
@@ -409,12 +409,7 @@ def apply_netem(args: argparse.Namespace, scenario: Scenario, scenario_dir: Path
     for namespace, dev, setting in commands:
         if not setting:
             continue
-        command = [
-            *sudo_prefix(args),
-            "ip",
-            "netns",
-            "exec",
-            namespace,
+        command = netns(args, namespace, [
             "tc",
             "qdisc",
             "replace",
@@ -423,25 +418,20 @@ def apply_netem(args: argparse.Namespace, scenario: Scenario, scenario_dir: Path
             "root",
             "netem",
             *shlex.split(setting),
-        ]
+        ])
         run_checked(command, scenario_dir / "netem" / f"{namespace}-{dev}")
 
 
 def delete_qdiscs(args: argparse.Namespace, log_dir: Path) -> None:
     for namespace, dev in [(CLIENT_NS, CLIENT_VETH), (SERVER_NS, SERVER_VETH)]:
-        command = [
-            *sudo_prefix(args),
-            "ip",
-            "netns",
-            "exec",
-            namespace,
+        command = netns(args, namespace, [
             "tc",
             "qdisc",
             "del",
             "dev",
             dev,
             "root",
-        ]
+        ])
         run_checked(
             command,
             log_dir / "qdisc-cleanup" / f"{namespace}-{dev}",
@@ -698,12 +688,19 @@ def cleanup(args: argparse.Namespace, quiet: bool) -> None:
         return
     if args.sudo and shutil.which(args.sudo) is None:
         return
-    commands = [
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "netns", "exec", CLIENT_NS, "tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", CLIENT_VETH, "root"],
-        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "netns", "exec", SERVER_NS, "tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", SERVER_VETH, "root"],
+    commands = []
+    if shutil.which("nsenter") is not None:
+        commands.extend([
+            netns(args, CLIENT_NS, ["tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", CLIENT_VETH, "root"]),
+            netns(args, SERVER_NS, ["tc", "qdisc", "del", "dev", SERVER_VETH, "root"]),
+        ])
+    commands.extend([
         [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "netns", "delete", CLIENT_NS],
         [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "netns", "delete", SERVER_NS],
-    ]
+        # A setup failure can leave either end of the pair in the host namespace.
+        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "link", "delete", CLIENT_VETH],
+        [*sudo_prefix(args), "ip", "link", "delete", SERVER_VETH],
+    ])
     for command in commands:
         completed = subprocess.run(
             command,