refactor(proto): preserve open parameter presence

`Params::decode` seeded `Params::default()` and overwrote only the tags it
saw, so an omitted tag and one explicitly encoded as zero were
indistinguishable afterwards. The protocol gives those the same value but not
the same meaning, and a server cannot apply its open admission rules without
telling them apart: an absent Duration or Interval is accepted as the wire
default zero, while one explicitly encoded as zero is invalid.

Add `Params::decode_with_presence`, returning the decoded values alongside a
`ParamPresence` recording which known tags appeared. `Params::decode` now
delegates to it, so there is still exactly one parser and the two cannot
diverge. Unknown tags stay ignored and untracked, and repeated known tags keep
last-value-wins.

Add `Clock::Unspecified = 0` as the default, which is the wire default for an
absent Clock tag and what an empty parameter payload decodes to. An explicit
Clock tag encoding zero remains an invalid enum value, so `Unspecified` is
only ever reached by omission; `encode` omits the tag for it rather than
emitting an explicit zero. It selects no clock, so `has_wall`/`has_mono` are
false and no timestamp field is laid out.

`ClientConfig::clock` is public and therefore now constructible as
`Unspecified`, which is a wire default rather than a client mode. Reject it
during config validation. The client default stays `Clock::Both`, so normal
client-generated params and wire vectors are unchanged.

crates/irtt-proto/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@
 //! performs no additional validation, so callers that build `Params` manually
 //! are responsible for validating those values before sending them.
 //!
+//! Parameters are optional on the wire, and an absent tag takes its wire
+//! default — zero for every integer field, and [`Clock::Unspecified`] for the
+//! clock. A receiver that must distinguish an omitted tag from one explicitly
+//! encoded as zero uses [`Params::decode_with_presence`], which runs the same
+//! parser and additionally reports a [`ParamPresence`].
+//!
 //! The crate also provides packet layout calculation, packet encoding and
 //! decoding, and optional HMAC placement, computation, and verification
 //! helpers.
@@ -51,7 +57,10 @@ pub use flags::*;
 pub use hmac::{compute_hmac, compute_hmac_in_place, verify_hmac, verify_packet_hmac};
 pub use layout::{echo_header_len, echo_packet_len, PacketLayout};
 pub use open::{decode_open_reply, encode_open_reply, OpenReply};
-pub use params::{Clock, Params, ReceivedStats, ServerFill, StampAt, MAX_SERVER_FILL_BYTES};
+pub use params::{
+    Clock, DecodedParams, ParamPresence, Params, ReceivedStats, ServerFill, StampAt,
+    MAX_SERVER_FILL_BYTES,
+};
 pub use request::{
     decode_request, encode_request, DecodedRequest, DecodedRequestKind, RequestToEncode,
 };