refactor(client): use SignedDuration for one-way delay to support negative values

Allow one-way delay samples to represent negative values caused by wall-clock skew between client and server. Update CLI output and statistics collection to correctly handle and report these signed durations.

crates/irtt-client/src/client.rs

@@ -789,11 +789,11 @@ fn compute_one_way(
     let c2s = server_recv_wall
         .zip(client_send_ns)
         .and_then(|(srv, cli)| srv.checked_sub(cli))
-        .and_then(|d| u64::try_from(d).ok().map(Duration::from_nanos));
+        .map(|d| SignedDuration::from_nanos(i128::from(d)));
     let s2c = client_recv_ns
         .zip(server_send_wall)
         .and_then(|(cli, srv)| cli.checked_sub(srv))
-        .and_then(|d| u64::try_from(d).ok().map(Duration::from_nanos));
+        .map(|d| SignedDuration::from_nanos(i128::from(d)));
 
     if c2s.is_none() && s2c.is_none() {
         return None;

crates/irtt-client/src/client/tests/probes_replies/timing_math.rs

@@ -90,6 +90,68 @@ fn compute_one_way_returns_available_direction_samples() {
     };
 
     let sample = compute_one_way(&sent_at, &received_at, &ts).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(sample.client_to_server, Some(Duration::from_millis(15)));
-    assert_eq!(sample.server_to_client, Some(Duration::from_millis(15)));
+    assert_eq!(
+        sample.client_to_server,
+        Some(SignedDuration::from_nanos(15_000_000))
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        sample.server_to_client,
+        Some(SignedDuration::from_nanos(15_000_000))
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn compute_one_way_preserves_negative_client_to_server_delay() {
+    let sent_at = ClientTimestamp {
+        mono: Instant::now(),
+        wall: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(10),
+    };
+    let received_at = ClientTimestamp {
+        mono: sent_at.mono + Duration::from_millis(40),
+        wall: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(10) + Duration::from_millis(40),
+    };
+    let ts = TimestampFields {
+        recv_wall: Some(10_000_000_000 - 5_000_000),
+        send_wall: Some(10_000_000_000 + 25_000_000),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    let sample = compute_one_way(&sent_at, &received_at, &ts).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        sample.client_to_server,
+        Some(SignedDuration::from_nanos(-5_000_000))
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        sample.server_to_client,
+        Some(SignedDuration::from_nanos(15_000_000))
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn compute_one_way_preserves_negative_server_to_client_delay() {
+    let sent_at = ClientTimestamp {
+        mono: Instant::now(),
+        wall: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(10),
+    };
+    let received_at = ClientTimestamp {
+        mono: sent_at.mono + Duration::from_millis(40),
+        wall: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(10) + Duration::from_millis(40),
+    };
+    let ts = TimestampFields {
+        recv_wall: Some(10_000_000_000 + 15_000_000),
+        send_wall: Some(10_000_000_000 + 45_000_000),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    let sample = compute_one_way(&sent_at, &received_at, &ts).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        sample.client_to_server,
+        Some(SignedDuration::from_nanos(15_000_000))
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        sample.server_to_client,
+        Some(SignedDuration::from_nanos(-5_000_000))
+    );
 }

crates/irtt-client/src/event.rs

@@ -168,9 +168,27 @@ pub struct ServerTiming {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+/// Directional one-way delay samples computed from wall-clock timestamps.
+///
+/// Each directional field is an `Option<SignedDuration>`. `None` means the
+/// required client or server wall-clock timestamp was unavailable, or the
+/// timestamp arithmetic was out of range. `Some(value)` means the delay was
+/// computed from available timestamps.
+///
+/// Negative computed values are preserved as `Some` instead of being clamped to
+/// zero or dropped. A negative one-way delay usually indicates wall-clock skew
+/// between the client and server.
 pub struct OneWayDelaySample {
-    pub client_to_server: Option<Duration>,
-    pub server_to_client: Option<Duration>,
+    /// Client-to-server delay.
+    ///
+    /// This is computed from the client send wall time and the server receive
+    /// wall time when both are available.
+    pub client_to_server: Option<SignedDuration>,
+    /// Server-to-client delay.
+    ///
+    /// This is computed from the server send wall time and the client receive
+    /// wall time when both are available.
+    pub server_to_client: Option<SignedDuration>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]