docs(client): clarify TX timestamp correlation

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Nils Andreas Svee committed 2026-09-15 12:31:26 +07:00
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@@ -26,30 +26,27 @@ configuration (`try_enable_tx_timestamping` restores it explicitly) and
timing falls back to userspace `sent_at` as it always has. TX capability
failure is never a public error and is never logged from the library.
### Correlation invariant: kernel ID == wire sequence
### Best-effort kernel-ID correlation
The client uses the kernel's automatic `OPT_ID` directly as the probe's wire
sequence number — no separate correlation map. This is safe because:
The client uses the kernel's automatic `OPT_ID` as the probe's wire-sequence
correlation ID — no separate correlation map. On the normal successful-send
path, both counters start at zero after Open and advance together. This is
not a permanent identity: a kernel ID can theoretically be consumed while a
send is being prepared and then survive a subsequent send failure, leaving
kernel IDs one or more steps ahead of `next_wire_seq`. Do not restore an
assumption that failed or nonblocking sends cannot cause that desynchrony.
- **A failed/nonblocking send never consumes an ID.** Linux increments the
per-socket ID counter (`sk->sk_tskey`) speculatively while building a
datagram and rolls the increment back (`atomic_dec`) on every error path
out of `__ip_append_data`/`__ip6_append_data`
(`net/ipv4/ip_output.c`, `net/ipv6/ip6_output.c`), guarded by a local
`hold_tskey` flag. A `WouldBlock` `try_send` therefore can never leave a
gap in, or otherwise advance, the ID the kernel will assign to the next
*successful* submission. (`include/net/sock.h`'s `_sock_tx_timestamp`
performs the same increment for the non-corked path.) Client-side, the
existing send transaction only calls `commit_probe_sent` — which is the
only thing that advances `next_wire_seq` — after a successful socket send;
a `WouldBlock` result never reaches it.
- **The two counters start together and advance together.** `wire_seq`
starts at 0 on every successful Open (`SessionMachine::commit_open` builds
a fresh `ActiveSession` with `next_wire_seq: 0`) and advances by exactly 1
only via `commit_probe_sent`, which only runs after a confirmed successful
send — the same condition under which the kernel's counter advances by 1.
TX timestamping is enabled only after that same successful Open and before
any probe is sent, so both counters' zero points line up exactly.
The effect is confined to the optional timing enhancement. A kernel timestamp
whose ID cannot be matched to a pending or retained timed-out probe is
discarded, as is any implausible timestamp; `sent_at` remains the ordinary
userspace fallback. This is safe because:
- **Normal successful sends track together.** `wire_seq` starts at 0 on every
successful Open (`SessionMachine::commit_open` builds a fresh
`ActiveSession` with `next_wire_seq: 0`) and advances by exactly 1 only via
`commit_probe_sent`, after a confirmed successful socket send. TX
timestamping is enabled after that same successful Open and before any probe
is sent, so the normal zero points line up.
- **One socket, one session, no reopen.** `SessionMachine`'s state machine
only reaches `Open` from `Connected`, and `commit_open`/`commit_local_close`
never route back to `Connected`. A `Client`/`AsyncClient` cannot reopen a